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NearestTo[x]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x].

NearestTo[x,n]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x,n].

NearestTo[x,{n,r}]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x,{n,r}].

更多信息和选项
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范例  
基本范例  
范围  
选项  
DistanceFunction  
应用  
属性和关系  
参见
相关指南
历史
按以下格式引用：

NearestTo

NearestTo[x]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x].

NearestTo[x,n]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x,n].

NearestTo[x,{n,r}]

是一个运算符，当应用于列表 elems 时给出 Nearest[elems,x,{n,r}].

更多信息和选项

范例

打开所有单元 关闭所有单元

基本范例  (4)

找出离 20 最近的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[20][{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32}]

找出离 20 最近的 3 个元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[20, 3][{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32}]

找出二维空间中离 {2,3} 最近的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[{2, 3}][{{-1, -1}, {1, -1}, {1, 1}, {-1, 1}}]

找出最接近的颜色：

Wolfram Language code: l = {RGBColor[1., 0.7573220867762727, 0.8225376261211264], RGBColor[1., 0.9053403248427643, 0.21717287340883917], RGBColor[1., 0.5544801460824762, 0.12056345655596812], RGBColor[1., 0.2818404077149421, 0.1073945311994069], RGBColor[1., 0.12423838985259317, 0.19023691956664956], RGBColor[0.8, 0.4542154246540884, 0.31688034954543], RGBColor[0.8, 0.5483770742736782, 0.16977938137471082], RGBColor[0.8, 0.03163746197875539, 0.5781619271042624], RGBColor[0.8, 0.1612089376881538, 0.15737556414394493], RGBColor[0.8, 0.947661405438111, 0.8404962405438101], RGBColor[0.5, 0.8592283961197744, 0.04768022523989446], RGBColor[0.5, 0.04821552495323611, 0.9686564512239644], RGBColor[0.5, 0.5966778129134023, 0.8001648440588174], RGBColor[0.5, 0.5307402622478448, 0.7029200788120107], RGBColor[0.5, 0.6654316628707297, 0.9850955091132039]};
Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[Red, 3][l]

找出最接近的字符串：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo["aaba", 3][{"aaaa", "abaa", "bbbb", "aaaba"}]
Wolfram Language code: EditDistance[#, "aaba"]& /@ {"aaaa", "abaa", "bbbb", "aaaba"}

范围  (6)

给出 3 个最接近的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[5, 3][{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}]

给出半径 2 以内的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[5, {All, 2}][{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}]

至多给出 3 个半径 2 以内最近的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[5, {3, 2}][{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}]

对 NearestFunction 表达式应用 NearestTo：

Wolfram Language code: nf = Nearest[{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}]
Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[5, {3, 2}][nf]

可通过直接应用 nf 获得同样的结果：

Wolfram Language code: nf[5, {3, 2}]

返回最接近的字符串的索引：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo["David"][{"I'm", "sorry", "Dave"} -> "Index"]

返回一个 Association，给出字符串元素、索引和距离：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo["David"][{"I'm", "sorry", "Dave"} -> All]

找出最接近 20 的 3 个元素，同时给出元素和它们到 20 的距离：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[20, 3][{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32} -> {"Element", "Distance"}]

找出二维空间中离 {2,3} 最近的元素，并返回相应的标签：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[{2, 3}][{{-1, -1} -> a, {1, -1} -> b, {1, 1} -> c, {-1, 1} -> d}]

用 Association 算出同样的结果：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[{2, 3}][<|a -> {-1, -1}, b -> {1, -1}, c -> {1, 1}, d -> {-1, 1}|>]

找到密度最接近给定值的元素：

Wolfram Language code: EntityClass["Element", "Density" -> NearestTo[Quantity[4.5, "Grams" / "Centimeters" ^ 3]]]
Wolfram Language code: EntityList[%]

选项  (1)

DistanceFunction  (1)

默认情况下，用标准欧氏距离计算点之间的距离：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[ {0, 0}][{{1.5, .6}, {2, 0}, {1.25, 1.25}}]

使用 ManhattanDistance，它会将每个边的长度加在一起：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[{0, 0}, DistanceFunction -> ManhattanDistance][{{1.5, .6}, {2, 0}, {1.25, 1.25}}]

ChessboardDistance 只考虑间隔最大的维度：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[{0, 0}, DistanceFunction -> ChessboardDistance][{{1.5, .6}, {2, 0}, {1.25, 1.25}}]

应用  (3)

找出字典中最接近的单词：

Wolfram Language code: nf = Nearest[DictionaryLookup[]]
Wolfram Language code: NearestTo["fish", 5][nf]

找出和子图像最接近的部分：

Wolfram Language code: i = [image];subimage = [image];
Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[subimage][Flatten@ImagePartition[i, 45]]

获取墨西哥国家边界的形状：

Wolfram Language code: polygon = EntityValue[Entity["Country", "Mexico"], "Polygon"]

计算边界上距你当前的地理位置最近的点：

Wolfram Language code: nearest = NearestTo[Here][polygon[[1]]]

绘制从你的位置到该点的测地线：

Wolfram Language code: GeoGraphics[{Arrow[GeoPath[{Here, nearest[[1]]}]], EdgeForm[Black], polygon}]

属性和关系  (2)

在距离相同的情况下，依序返回所有最接近的元素：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[3][{5, 1, 13, 9, 16}]

NearestTo[x][elems] 实际上颠倒了 Nearest 的前两个参数的顺序：

Wolfram Language code: NearestTo[3][{5, 1, 13, 9, 16}] === Nearest[{5, 1, 13, 9, 16}, 3]
Wolfram Research (2018)，NearestTo，Wolfram 语言函数，https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html.

文本

Wolfram Research (2018)，NearestTo，Wolfram 语言函数，https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html.

CMS

Wolfram 语言. 2018. "NearestTo." Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html.

APA

Wolfram 语言. (2018). NearestTo. Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. 追溯自 https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html 年

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_nearestto, author="Wolfram Research", title="{NearestTo}", year="2018", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html}", note=[Accessed: 02-November-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2026_nearestto, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={NearestTo}, year={2018}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.html}, note=[Accessed: 02-November-2026]}