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SAS7BDAT (.sas7bdat)

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Background & Context

    • MIME type: application/x-sas-data
    • SAS database transport format.
    • Legacy data exchange format.
    • Stores numerical datasets in a portable format.
    • Binary format.
    • Developed in the late 1980s by SAS Institute.

Import & Export

  • Import["file.sas7bdat"] imports a SAS7BDAT file, returning all datasets arranged as a table.
  • SAS7BDAT data is represented in the Wolfram Language by real or integer numbers, strings, Boolean values True and False, and DateObject specifications.
  • Import["file.sas7bdat",elem] imports the specified element from a SAS7BDAT file.
  • Import["file.sas7bdat",{elem,suba,subb,…}] imports a subelement.
  • The import format can be specified with Import["file","SAS7BDAT"] or Import["file",{"SAS7BDAT",elem,…}].
  • Export["file.sas7bdat",expr] creates a SAS7BDAT file from expr.
  • Supported expressions expr include:
  • {v1,v2,…}a single column of data
    {{v11,v12,…},{v21,v22,…},…}lists of rows of data
    arrayan array such as SparseArray, QuantityArray, etc.
    tseriesa TimeSeries, EventSeries or a TemporalData object
    Dataset[…]a dataset
    Tabular[…]a tabular object
    <|"name1"expr1,…|>an association of named columns
  • Import and Export support the following data types:
  • "Date"date and time specifications
    "Integer8"8-bit integers
    "Integer16"16-bit integers
    "Integer32"32-bit integers
    "Real32"IEEE single‐precision numbers
    "Real64"IEEE double‐precision numbers
    "String"string of characters
  • See the following reference pages for full general information:
  • Import, Exportimport from or export to a file
    CloudImport, CloudExportimport from or export to a cloud object
    ImportString, ExportStringimport from or export to a string
    ImportByteArray, ExportByteArrayimport from or export to a byte array

Import Elements

  • General Import elements:
  • "Elements" list of elements and options available in this file
    "Summary"summary of the file
    "Rules"list of rules for all available elements
  • Data representation elements:
  • "Data"two-dimensional array
    "Dataset"table data as a Dataset
    "LabeledData"association of labels and data
    "LabeledRawData"association of labels and raw data
    "Tabular"table data as a Tabular object
  • Import by default uses the "Data" element.
  • Data descriptor elements:
  • "ColumnDescriptions"description and types of columns
    "Labels"names of columns
    "MissingPositions"positions of elements considered to be missing per column
    "MissingValues"values to be considered missing per column
  • Metadata elements:
  • "ByteOrdering"endianness of the data
    "CharacterEncoding"character encoding of the file
    "Comments"comments on the file
    "Compression"type of compression used in the file
    "CreationDate"creation date of the document, given as a DateObject
    "Dimensions"dimensions of the data
    "MetaInformation"metadata given as strings and date objects
    "ModificationDate"modification date of the document, given as a DateObject
    "TableName"name of the entire table
    "Version"version of the SAS specification for the file

Options

  • Import options:
  • "ColumnDefaultValues"Automaticassociation of column names and default values
    "TypeDefaultValues"Automaticassociation of types and default values
  • Export options:
  • "ColumnDescriptions"Automaticlist of descriptions for each column
    "MetaInformation"Automaticassociation of metadata tags and values
  • Possible settings for "ColumnDescriptions" include:
  • {"label1", "label2", …}list of strings giving column names
    {assoc,…}list of associations giving column metadata
    <|colassoc|>association of index or column name and column metadata
  • Possible keys for assoc include:
  • "Name"string giving the column's name
    "Description"string giving the column's description
    "Type"string giving the column's type
  • Possible keys for "MetaInformation" include:
  • "Comments"string giving general comments on the file
    "CreationDate"date object giving the creation date of the file
    "ModificationDate"date object giving the modification date of the file
    "TableName"string giving the name of the entire table
    "Version"integer giving the version of the file

Examples

open allclose all

Basic Examples  (3)Summary of the most common use cases

Import a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-f3zba1
Out[1]=1

Summary of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-lx9i0
Out[1]=1

Export an array of expressions to a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-t64ayh
Out[1]=1

Import the resulting file as a dataset:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-lfzmgr
Out[2]=2

Scope  (9)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Import  (3)

Import all available elements:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-6rk6nf
Out[2]=2

Import data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-7u7lw9
Out[1]=1

Import as a Tabular object:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-zvfkuo
Out[1]=1

Export  (6)

Export a Dataset:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-nymkfr
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-c2e4vv

Column names are automatically inferred:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-w6cl5m
Out[3]=3

Export an array of data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-67nm6u
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-k8h2kn
Out[2]=2

Export an association of named columns:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-bd3kmi
Out[1]=1

Column names are automatically inferred:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-m2dh74
Out[2]=2

Export a TimeSeries:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-byvcsb
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-dhklb2
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-pbot5s
Out[3]=3

Times are stored in the first column, values in the second:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-n5f84h
Out[4]=4

Export tagged missing data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-7ff2si
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-e4bnr8
Out[2]=2

Ragged arrays are automatically padded on the right and converted to full arrays:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-fyo5zt
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-s6tjg7
Out[2]=2

Import Elements  (17)

Data Representation  (5)

"Data"  (1)

Import a SAS7BDAT file as a 2D list of values:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-nl71bm
Out[1]=1

This is also the default element:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-y6nmcj
Out[2]=2

"Dataset"  (1)

Import a SAS7BDAT file as a Dataset:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-sya0vk
Out[1]=1

"LabeledData"  (1)

Import a SAS7BDAT file as an association of labels and data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-qubbnp
Out[1]=1

"LabeledRawData"  (1)

Import a SAS7BDAT file as an association of labels and raw data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-0ft5l
Out[1]=1

"Tabular"  (1)

Import a SAS7BDAT file as a Tabular:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-7vefbq
Out[1]=1

Data Descriptors  (3)

"ColumnDescriptions"  (1)

Import associations giving the name, description and type for each column in a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-xf419t
Out[1]=1

"Labels"  (1)

Import the names of each column in a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-bartxa
Out[1]=1

"MissingPositions"  (1)

Import associations giving the positions of missing values by column:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-7i03ic
Out[1]=1

Metadata  (9)

"ByteOrdering"  (1)

Import the byte ordering stored in the metadata of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-8wnspu
Out[1]=1

"CharacterEncoding"  (1)

Import the character encoding stored in the metadata of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-l9t231
Out[1]=1

"Comments"  (1)

Import comments stored in the metadata of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-x2uaav
Out[1]=1

"CreationDate"  (1)

Import the creation date:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-t2g8i8
Out[1]=1

"Dimensions"  (1)

Import the data dimensions:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-62lf19
Out[1]=1

"MetaInformation"  (1)

Import an association of all the metadata stored in a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-en8233
Out[1]=1

"ModificationDate"  (1)

Import the modification date:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-p009d1
Out[1]=1

"TableName"  (1)

Import the table name stored in the metadata of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-phx93u
Out[1]=1

"Version"  (1)

Import the version of a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-8dqxq
Out[1]=1

Import Options  (2)

"ColumnDefaultValues"  (1)

Missing numerical values are replaced with zero by default:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-n5ii94

Use "ColumnDefaultValues" to specify a different default value for specific columns:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-dgadw6

"TypeDefaultValues"  (1)

Missing numerical values are replaced with zero by default:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-upa1l6

Use "TypeDefaultValues" to specify a different default value for specific types:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-md0rn7

Export Options  (2)

"ColumnDescriptions"  (1)

Export different data types:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-62u9lb
Out[1]=1

Columns will automatically infer types based on the data given:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-xwddl4
Out[2]=2

Use "ColumnDescriptions" to specify column types and descriptions:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-la95ti
Out[3]=3

Import the resulting column descriptions:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-6gupky
Out[4]=4

"MetaInformation"  (1)

Retrieve the metainformation from a SAS7BDAT file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-nsjlm4
Out[1]=1

Export a new file with the same metainformation:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-7pewnv
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0ztzgfr17sumcwx0x-j0kjjx
Out[3]=3