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Encrypt

✖
Encrypt["password",expr]

encrypts expr using the specified password, to give an encrypted object.

✖
Encrypt[keyspec,expr]

encrypts expr using the cryptographic key specification keyspec.

✖
Encrypt[expr]

interactively requests a password with which to encrypt expr.

Details and Options

  • Encrypt yields EncryptedObject[…], suitable for decryption with Decrypt.
  • Encrypt[key,"string"] yields an EncryptedObject containing the encrypted version of the contents of the string as encoded in UTF-8.
  • Encrypt[key,ByteArray[…]] yields an EncryptedObject containing the encrypted version of the raw bytes in the ByteArray object.
  • For a general expression, Encrypt[key,expr] yields an EncryptedObject essentially containing an encrypted version of Compress[expr].
  • The encryption method is based on the cipher and parameters of the key. See GenerateSymmetricKey and GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair for details.
  • In a notebook interface, Encrypt[expr] generates a dialog box; in a textual interface it generates a textual prompt.
  • Encrypt has the following option:
  • Method Automaticdetails of encryption method
  • With the setting Methodassoc, the association assoc gives details of the encryption method to use.
  • The following elements can be given in the association assoc:
  • "Padding"Automaticpadding mode
    "InitializationVector"Automaticinitialization vector for block ciphers
    "BlockMode""CBC"block chaining mode ("ECB","CBC", "OFB", "CFB", "CTR")
  • The "Padding" element in the association assoc specifies the padding method to pad incomplete input.
  • Encryption with symmetric key supports the following padding methods: Automatic and None.
  • Encryption with a public key and decryption with a private key support the following padding methods: "PKCS1", "OAEP", None.
  • Encryption with a private key and decryption with a public key support the following padding methods: "PKCS1", None.
  • The "PKCS1" padding method is used as a default for asymmetric encryption.
  • All ciphers except RC4 and RSA can use the block modes "ECB", "CBC", "CFB", "OFB". "RC4" can only use None.
  • Possible settings for "InitializationVector" include:
  • Automaticgenerate an appropriate initialization vector
    ByteArray[…]use an explicitly specified initialization vector
  • With "InitializationVector"->Automatic, Encrypt will generate a new initialization vector whenever it is run. Later, the vector can be obtained from the EncryptedObject that was produced.
  • Supported ciphers, together with default initialization vector size, include:
  • "Blowfish"64 bits
    "CAST5"64 bits
    "DES"64 bits
    "IDEA"64 bits
    "AES128"128 bits
    "AES192"128 bits
    "AES256"128 bits
  • For RSA cipher, the maximum length of data that can be encrypted is determined by the number of bytes in the modulus, and the padding mode, according to:
  • "PKCS1"<
    "OAEP"<
    None

Examples

open allclose all

Basic Examples  (3)Summary of the most common use cases

Encrypt a message with a password:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-n1waj4
Out[1]=1

Show the raw encrypted data and details about the encryption algorithm used:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-7v417e

Decrypt with the password to get back the message:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-pvra37
Out[3]=3

Generate a secret key:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-kzg01t
Out[1]=1

Encrypt using the key:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-n1tl7l
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-5xriaw
Out[3]=3

Generate public and private keys:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-cwxm9r
Out[1]=1

Encrypt using the public key:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-ipnt9s
Out[2]=2

Decrypt using the private key:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-pqhpfb
Out[3]=3

Alternatively, encrypt using the private key:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-sgnkj4
Out[4]=4

Now decrypt using the public key:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-1kevv2
Out[5]=5

Scope  (2)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Encrypt any expression:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-rrb3jz
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-jicptj
Out[2]=2

Byte arrays are encrypted literally, making them more easily usable with external programs:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-818qo9
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-7dfoeb
Out[2]=2

Options  (5)Common values & functionality for each option

Method  (5)

Encrypt using a specific initialization vector:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-pxqq91
Out[2]=2

With the initialization vector set to Automatic, a random initialization vector will be generated every time Encrypt is called:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-7ywgfa
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-bvwcpe
Out[2]=2

Encrypt using CTR block mode:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-usw87u
Out[1]=1

Specify a padding scheme to use for RSA encryption:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-ed2w65
Out[1]=1

Encrypt exactly one block of data by setting "Padding" to None:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-dfqlcp
Out[1]=1

Applications  (2)Sample problems that can be solved with this function

Encrypt a message and save the ciphertext to a file:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-mbspwp
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-kiomi0
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-zbezu6

Read back the contents of the file as bytes:

In[4]:=4
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https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-094wt4
Out[4]=4

Compare with the original ciphertext:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-nkigts
Out[5]=5

Delete the temporary file:

In[6]:=6
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-1k082

Write simple cryptographic signing and verification functions:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-isk1hv
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-65xzmd

Generate a pair of public and private keys:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-qbo127
Out[3]=3

Define an expression to sign:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-7fxog
Out[4]=4

Generate a signature:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-thz5mt
Out[5]=5

Verify that the signature is authentic:

In[6]:=6
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-d3elvz
Out[6]=6

Verifying with another expression will fail:

In[7]:=7
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-pk0bzd
Out[7]=7

Properties & Relations  (2)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions

The returned encrypted object stores all aspects of the encrypted result:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-9bf60r
Out[1]=1

Extract the bytes in the ciphertext:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-l06h5e
Out[2]=2

Extract the bytes in the initialization vector used for encryption:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-17ubsw
Out[3]=3

Some block modes are more secure than others:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-qc6wid

There is a noticeable repeating pattern when encrypting uniform data using ECB:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-g6geb
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-0fqu7e
Out[3]=3

There is not with CBC:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-cytm2q
In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-uxn82k
Out[5]=5

Possible Issues  (5)Common pitfalls and unexpected behavior

Timing  (1)

Encrypting using a password requires key derivation, which is intentionally slow:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-e4oaym
Out[1]=1

You can avoid this by pre-generating a key:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-v37hzh
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-0yq5w1
Out[3]=3

Encrypted Data Size  (1)

The ciphertext may be a different length from the input:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-u2t2vy
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-4dawn5
Out[2]=2

Incompatible Keys  (1)

Encryption with elliptic curve-based keys is not currently supported:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-owi8hw
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-yojv82
Out[2]=2

Incompatible Padding Modes  (1)

Encrypting with a private key is not possible for certain padding modes:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-gtmc4f
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-b4zy4h
Out[2]=2

Incompatible Block Modes  (1)

RSA is an asymmetric cipher that does not support block modes of operation, so Encrypt will proceed ignoring the setting for "BlockMode":

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-nuwzgx
Out[1]=1

RC4 is a stream that does not support block modes of operation, so Encrypt will proceed ignoring the setting for "BlockMode":

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/05fltzmt9i-s6a3bk
Out[2]=2
Wolfram Research (2015), Encrypt, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html (updated 2023).
✖
Wolfram Research (2015), Encrypt, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html (updated 2023).

Text

Wolfram Research (2015), Encrypt, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html (updated 2023).

✖
Wolfram Research (2015), Encrypt, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html (updated 2023).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2015. "Encrypt." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2023. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html.

✖
Wolfram Language. 2015. "Encrypt." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2023. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2015). Encrypt. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html

✖
Wolfram Language. (2015). Encrypt. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_encrypt, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Encrypt}", year="2023", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html}", note=[Accessed: 19-June-2025 ]}

✖
@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_encrypt, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Encrypt}", year="2023", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html}", note=[Accessed: 19-June-2025 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_encrypt, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Encrypt}, year={2023}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html}, note=[Accessed: 19-June-2025 ]}

✖
@online{reference.wolfram_2025_encrypt, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Encrypt}, year={2023}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.html}, note=[Accessed: 19-June-2025 ]}