Insert a typeset matrix.

By Typing...

Type a matrix using nested curly braces:

Use MatrixForm to format a matrix as a 2D array:

Using the Menu...

Choose Insert Table/Matrix New..., select Matrix, enter the numbers of rows and columns and click OK. Use to move through successive matrix positions, filling in values:

Programmatically...

Create a matrix with any function that returns a list of equal-sized lists, for example, Table: