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LocalAdaptiveBinarize
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LocalAdaptiveBinarize

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creates a binary image from image by replacing values above the mean of the range-r neighborhood with 1 and others with 0.

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LocalAdaptiveBinarize[image,r,{α,β,γ}]

replaces values above with 1 and others with 0, where and are the local mean and standard deviation.

Details and Options

  • Local adaptive binarization determines the binarization thresholds locally and is typically used for segmenting the foreground of an image with nonuniform illumination or background.
  • LocalAdaptiveBinarize[image,r] is equivalent to LocalAdaptiveBinarize[image,r,{1,0,0}].
  • Using radius r, local mean and standard deviation are computed over blocks centered on each pixel.
  • LocalAdaptiveBinarize assumes the index coordinate system for images.
  • LocalAdaptiveBinarize works with 2D and 3D images, starting the binarization by converting multichannel and color images into grayscale.
  • The following options can be used:
  • Padding "Fixed"what padding scheme to use
    PerformanceGoal $PerformanceGoalwhat aspect of performance to optimize

Examples

open allclose all

Basic Examples  (1)Summary of the most common use cases

Locally adaptive thresholding of a color image in the presence of uneven illumination:

In[3]:=3
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-x3ygec
Out[3]=3

Scope  (10)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Data  (3)

Local thresholding of a grayscale image:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-znzhlt
Out[1]=1

A 3D volume:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-w2kkmi
Out[1]=1

A 3D color volume:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-flmh4n
Out[1]=1

Parameters  (7)

Specify a radius parameter of 1 to use 3×3 neighborhoods:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-mf6imy
Out[1]=1

Specify a radius parameter of 10 to use 21×21 neighborhoods:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-k054t6
Out[1]=1

Segment pixels brighter than the local average around them:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-pw6a9m
Out[1]=1

Segment pixels brighter than the fraction 0.9 of the local average:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-xgkiqv
Out[1]=1

Segment pixels brighter than the local average plus half the standard deviation:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-x7wj3o
Out[1]=1

Segment pixels brighter than the local average minus 0.05:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-xxlpg1
Out[1]=1

Specify thresholding coefficients for local average, local standard deviation, and offset:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-w3pso0
Out[1]=1

Options  (8)Common values & functionality for each option

PerformanceGoal  (4)

Use PerformanceGoal->"Quality" to emphasize quality of the result:

In[4]:=4
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-u9u10g
Out[4]=4

Use PerformanceGoal->"Speed" to emphasize speed of computation:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-nsrahi
Out[1]=1

With PerformanceGoal->"Speed", the quality degrades toward the right and bottom:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-rn9r8g
Out[1]=1

Using PerformanceGoal->"Quality", computation time increases with respect to the radius:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-zdrjjs
In[2]:=2
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-r48n8w
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-9ntupj
Out[3]=3
In[4]:=4
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-ti806f
Out[4]=4

Padding  (4)

By default, "Fixed" padding is used:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-dzrqtf
Out[1]=1

Use zero padding:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-l2dc94
Out[1]=1

Use smaller neighborhoods at the boundaries of the image:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-rvs7nf
Out[1]=1

Compare different padding settings:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-2xfu50
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Applications  (3)Sample problems that can be solved with this function

Features under uneven illumination are typically not recognized correctly:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-6a7suz

TextRecognize fails in this case and returns only a few letters:

In[2]:=2
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-v8lpic
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Improve the result of text recognition by removing uneven illumination:

In[3]:=3
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-xnvp0j
Out[3]=3

Extract a cloth texture by removing uneven illumination:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-tb6989
Out[1]=1

Segment an electronic board:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-ycf5d0
Out[1]=1

Properties & Relations  (1)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions

A simple thresholding is performed when the coefficients for average and standard deviation are zero:

In[3]:=3
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-nvb411
Out[5]=5

Interactive Examples  (1)Examples with interactive outputs

Interactively adjust the coefficients:

In[1]:=1
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0mfgcnjs4a5s1j09om-g3q3zh
Out[1]=1
Wolfram Research (2014), LocalAdaptiveBinarize, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html (updated 2016).
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Wolfram Research (2014), LocalAdaptiveBinarize, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html (updated 2016).

Text

Wolfram Research (2014), LocalAdaptiveBinarize, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html (updated 2016).

✖
Wolfram Research (2014), LocalAdaptiveBinarize, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html (updated 2016).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2014. "LocalAdaptiveBinarize." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2016. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html.

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Wolfram Language. 2014. "LocalAdaptiveBinarize." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2016. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2014). LocalAdaptiveBinarize. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html

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Wolfram Language. (2014). LocalAdaptiveBinarize. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_localadaptivebinarize, author="Wolfram Research", title="{LocalAdaptiveBinarize}", year="2016", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html}", note=[Accessed: 08-June-2025 ]}

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@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_localadaptivebinarize, author="Wolfram Research", title="{LocalAdaptiveBinarize}", year="2016", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html}", note=[Accessed: 08-June-2025 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_localadaptivebinarize, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={LocalAdaptiveBinarize}, year={2016}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html}, note=[Accessed: 08-June-2025 ]}

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@online{reference.wolfram_2025_localadaptivebinarize, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={LocalAdaptiveBinarize}, year={2016}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.html}, note=[Accessed: 08-June-2025 ]}