Summary of New Features in 10
A list of key new features since 9.
Core Language & Structure
open all close allAssociations »
Association ( <|…|> ) — an association between keys and values
Key — indicate a key within a part specification
Keys ▪ Values ▪ Lookup ▪ KeySort ▪ KeyUnion
Merge — combine elements that have common keys
Counts, CountsBy — associate values with the number of times they occur
GroupBy — group values by collecting those sharing a criterion ("map reduce")
JoinAcross — combine lists of associations that match ("SQL join")
PositionIndex — build an index of positions at which values occur
Templates »
StringTemplate ▪ FileTemplate ▪ XMLTemplate ▪ NotebookTemplate
TemplateObject — general symbolic template
TemplateExpression — an arbitrary expression evaluated when the template is applied
TemplateApply ▪ TemplateSequence ▪ TemplateSlot ▪ TemplateIf ▪ TemplateWith ▪ ...
Entities »
EntityValue — get values for properties of entities
Entity — represent a particular entity in the world
EntityProperty ▪ EntityProperties ▪ CommonName ▪ CanonicalName ▪ EntityTypeName ▪ ...
Finding Elements »
SelectFirst, FirstCase, FirstPosition — find the first element satisfying a criterion
MaximalBy, MinimalBy — find elements that maximize, minimize a criterion
Testing Expressions »
AllTrue, AnyTrue, NoneTrue — apply a test multiple times across a list
IntersectingQ, DisjointQ, SubsetQ — compare elements of two sets
Data Manipulation & Analysis
Entities »
EntityValue — get values for properties of entities
Entity — represent a particular entity in the world
EntityProperty ▪ EntityProperties ▪ CommonName ▪ CanonicalName ▪ EntityTypeName ▪ ...
Machine Learning »
Classify — classify data into categories using a built-in classifier or learning from examples
Predict — predict values from data using a built-in predictor or learning from examples
ClassifierFunction ▪ PredictorFunction ▪ ClassifierMeasurements ▪ PredictorMeasurements
WDF (Wolfram Data Framework) »
SemanticImport — import a file to give WDF
Interpreter — specify how to convert a string to WDF
"Date" ▪ "City" ▪ "Number" ▪ "PhoneNumber" ▪ "URL" ▪ ...
ThermodynamicData — properties of thermodynamic substances
Formulas »
FormulaData — give the equations for a specific formula
FormulaLookup — look up formula names based on specific criteria
QuantityVariable — represent a physical quantity
QuantityVariableIdentifier ▪ QuantityVariablePhysicalQuantity ▪ QuantityVariableDimensions ▪ QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit
Currency
CurrencyConvert — convert between different currencies
InflationAdjust — current and historical inflation adjustments
DatedUnit — associate a specific date with a unit
Broad Support for Time Series Processing »
TimeSeries — series consisting of time-value pairs
EventSeries — special time series with no interpolation between samples
TemporalData — general collection of time series
Basic Operations
TimeSeriesWindow — give the time series in the specified time window
TimeSeriesInsert — insert time-value pairs into a time series
TimeSeriesRescale ▪ TimeSeriesResample ▪ TimeSeriesShift ▪ TimeSeriesThread ▪ TimeSeriesMap ▪ TimeSeriesMapThread ▪ RegularlySampledQ ▪ MinimumTimeIncrement
Filtering & Aggregating Time Series
MovingMap — apply a function to a moving overlapping window
TimeSeriesAggregate — apply a function to a moving non-overlapping window
Differences ▪ Accumulate ▪ MovingAverage ▪ MovingMedian ▪ ...
LowpassFilter ▪ HighpassFilter ▪ MeanFilter ▪ ...
Time Series Process Modeling »
TimeSeriesModelFit — automatically fit a time series model
TimeSeriesForecast ▪ CorrelationFunction ▪ PowerSpectralDensity ▪ ...
Date & Time
DateFormat ▪ CalendarConvert ▪ TimeZoneConvert
New in Image Processing & Analysis »
BarcodeImage, BarcodeRecognize — generate and recognize 1D or 2D barcodes
ConformImages — make a list of images that have conforming properties
RemoveBackground — separate and remove background from an image
DominantColors — improvements and new options to find a list of dominant colors
RandomColor ▪ ColorDistance ▪ ChromaticityPlot
ConstantImage ▪ LinearGradientImage ▪ RadialGradientImage
ImageCollage ▪ LocalAdaptiveBinarize ▪ GrowCutComponents ▪ ImageApplyIndexed ▪ ImageSaliencyFilter ▪ SavitzkyGolayMatrix
Use more functions for processing and analyzing 3D images
ComponentMeasurements ▪ SelectComponents
ImageRotate ▪ ImageTransformation ▪ ImagePerspectiveTransformation
EdgeDetect ▪ CrossingDetect ▪ ContourDetect ▪ CornerFilter
Visualization & Graphics
LABColor, LUVColor, XYZColor — use CIE color spaces for styles and color functions
Maps & Cartography »
GeoGraphics — construct maps and geographic images from primitives and directives
Specialized Plots
NumberLinePlot — plot numbers, intervals, and predicates on a number line
MandelbrotSetPlot — plot the Mandelbrot set over a region
JuliaSetPlot — plot the Julia set for a function
Enhanced Legends
PlotLegends — improved legends using dashing, thickness, plot markers, and label styles
ArrayPlot — improved automatic legends
MatrixPlot — improved automatic legends
Legended — improved placement of multiple legends and wider support as a wrapper for data
ListLogPlot ▪ ListLogLinearPlot ▪ ListLogLogPlot ▪ QuantilePlot ▪ ProbabilityPlot ▪ ProbabilityScalePlot
Enhanced Units
Create financial plots from data with units
CandlestickChart ▪ KagiChart ▪ PointFigureChart ▪ RenkoChart ▪ LineBreakChart
PlotTheme — specify an overall theme for visualizations
Symbolic & Numeric Computation
Geometric Computation »
Geometric computation framework for modeling and computing with geometric regions.
Plane Geometry »
SSSTriangle ▪ ArcLength ▪ Area ▪ ...
Solid Geometry »
Tetrahedron ▪ Volume ▪ RegionMember ▪ ...
Properties and Measures »
RegionNearest — find the nearest point in a region
RegionMeasure ▪ RegionCentroid ▪ RegionDistance ▪ ...
Solvers over Regions »
Integrate, NIntegrate — integrate over regions
NDSolve — solve partial differential equations over regions
Solve ▪ NSolve ▪ Minimize ▪ NMinimize ▪ ...
Special Regions »
Ball — a ball given by center and radius
Simplex ▪ Hexahedron ▪ InfiniteLine ▪ ...
Formula Regions
ImplicitRegion — a region given by combinations of inequalities and equalities
ParametricRegion — a region given by parametric functions
Mesh Regions »
MeshRegion — a region specified by a collection of mesh cells
BoundaryMeshRegion — a region boundary specified by a collection of mesh cells
HighlightMesh ▪ MeshCellStyle ▪ MeshCellLabel ▪ ...
Data Regions »
DelaunayMesh — a Delaunay triangulation mesh constructed from points
VoronoiMesh ▪ ConvexHullMesh ▪ ...
Region Converters »
DiscretizeGraphics, BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics — discretize 2D or 3D graphics
DiscretizeRegion, BoundaryDiscretizeRegion — discretize a region
Derived Regions »
RegionUnion — the union of regions
TransformedRegion — a region as the image of a transformation
RegionIntersection ▪ BooleanRegion ▪ RegionBoundary ▪ ...
Inactive Operators
Inactive — new inactive operator for working with formal operations
Inactivate — inactivate parts of expressions
Enhanced Calculus
DSolveValue, RSolveValue — new functions that can directly return functions of solutions
DSolve — now solves delay differential and hybrid differential equations
Sum — new algorithms for functional telescoping, multiple sums, and special functions
Product — new algorithms for functional telescoping
DifferenceDelta — new results for differences of special functions
DiscreteRatio — new results for ratios of special functions
Enhanced Algebraic Computation
NSolve — new homotopy-based algorithm for fast solution of polynomial systems
Reduce, Solve, FindInstance — new fast solving over the reals
Function Properties
FunctionPeriod — find the period of functions over the reals, integers, and complexes
FunctionDomain — find the domain of a function
FunctionRange — find the range of a function
Vector Analysis
ArcLength — length
ArcCurvature — curvature
FrenetSerretSystem — generalized curvatures and associated basis
Linear Algebra »
PositiveSemidefiniteMatrixQ — new and improved matrix predicates
NormalMatrixQ ▪ OrthogonalMatrixQ ▪ SquareMatrixQ ▪ ...
New Special Functions
LogisticSigmoid — the logistic function
CantorStaircase — the Cantor ternary function
MinkowskiQuestionMark ▪ ScorerHi ▪ ScorerGi ▪ FresnelF ▪ FresnelG ▪ RiemannXi ▪ DirichletBeta ▪ DirichletEta ▪ DirichletLambda ▪ Fibonorial ▪ AlternatingFactorial ▪ FareySequence
Nonlinear Control Systems »
AffineStateSpaceModel — affine model 
and 
FeedbackLinearize — linearization through nonlinear feedback and state transformation
AsymptoticOutputTracker — tracker with state feedback
NonlinearStateSpaceModel ▪ FullInformationOutputRegulator ▪ ...
Probability & Statistics
AutocorrelationTest — test for autocorrelation in data
Time Series Processes »
TimeSeriesModelFit — automatic fitting, diagnostics, and forecasting for time series
ARCHProcess, GARCHProcess — new classes of time series processes
ARProcess, ARMAProcess — full support for vector processes
MAProcess ▪ SARMAProcess ▪ FARIMAProcess
Markov Processes
HiddenMarkovProcess — hidden Markov process with discrete or continuous emissions
FindHiddenMarkovStates — hidden state decoding (Viterbi decoding etc.)
Parametric Processes »
TransformedProcess — transformations of random processes
WhiteNoiseProcess — new and improved capabilities for parametric processes
PoissonProcess ▪ WienerProcess ▪ GeometricBrownianMotionProcess ▪ ...
Strings & Text
Templates »
StringTemplate ▪ FileTemplate ▪ XMLTemplate ▪ NotebookTemplate
TemplateObject — general symbolic template
TemplateExpression — an arbitrary expression evaluated when the template is applied
TemplateApply ▪ TemplateSequence ▪ TemplateSlot ▪ TemplateIf ▪ TemplateWith ▪ ...
WDF (Wolfram Data Framework) »
SemanticImport — import a file to give WDF
Interpreter — specify how to convert a string to WDF
Graphs & Networks
Graphs & Networks
MultigraphQ — framework-wide support for multigraphs
MixedGraphQ — framework-wide support for mixed (directed and undirected) graphs
FindSpanningTree — find a spanning tree (or spanning forest) of a graph
VertexContract ▪ EdgeContract ▪ LinkRankCentrality
Visualization
Graph3D — generate 3D layouts for graphs
PerformanceGoal — performance improvements for all graph visualization
GraphLayout — additional planar embedding "TutteEmbedding"
Paths & Connectivity
FindPath — find all paths between two vertices
FindVertexIndependentPaths ▪ FindEdgeIndependentPaths
KVertexConnectedComponents ▪ KEdgeConnectedComponents ▪ KVertexConnectedGraphQ ▪ KEdgeConnectedGraphQ
Tours & Cycles
FindShortestTour — new and improved capabilities for tours and cycles
FindCycle — find all cycles
FindFundamentalCycles ▪ EdgeCycleMatrix
Isomorphisms
FindGraphIsomorphism — find several isomorphism mappings between graphs
GraphAutomorphismGroup — the group of all ways to remap vertex indexes
CanonicalGraph — canonical form for graphs
Relations
TransitiveClosureGraph — the transitive closure or reachability graph
TransitiveReductionGraph — the transitive reduction or Hasse diagram
Polynomials
TuttePolynomial — new graph polynomials
Images
LABColor, LUVColor, XYZColor — use colors defined in CIE color spaces
New in Image Processing & Analysis »
BarcodeImage, BarcodeRecognize — generate and recognize 1D or 2D barcodes
ConformImages — make a list of images that have conforming properties
RemoveBackground — separate and remove background from an image
DominantColors — improvements and new options to find a list of dominant colors
RandomColor ▪ ColorDistance ▪ ChromaticityPlot
ConstantImage ▪ LinearGradientImage ▪ RadialGradientImage
ImageCollage ▪ LocalAdaptiveBinarize ▪ GrowCutComponents ▪ ImageApplyIndexed ▪ ImageSaliencyFilter ▪ SavitzkyGolayMatrix
Use more functions for processing and analyzing 3D images
ComponentMeasurements ▪ SelectComponents
ImageRotate ▪ ImageTransformation ▪ ImagePerspectiveTransformation
EdgeDetect ▪ CrossingDetect ▪ ContourDetect ▪ CornerFilter
Geometry
Geometric Computation »
Geometric computation framework for modeling and computing with geometric regions.
Plane Geometry »
SSSTriangle ▪ ArcLength ▪ Area ▪ ...
Solid Geometry »
Tetrahedron ▪ Volume ▪ RegionMember ▪ ...
Properties and Measures »
RegionNearest — find the nearest point in a region
RegionMeasure ▪ RegionCentroid ▪ RegionDistance ▪ ...
Solvers over Regions »
Integrate, NIntegrate — integrate over regions
NDSolve — solve partial differential equations over regions
Solve ▪ NSolve ▪ Minimize ▪ NMinimize ▪ ...
Special Regions »
Ball — a ball given by center and radius
Simplex ▪ Hexahedron ▪ InfiniteLine ▪ ...
Formula Regions
ImplicitRegion — a region given by combinations of inequalities and equalities
ParametricRegion — a region given by parametric functions
Mesh Regions »
MeshRegion — a region specified by a collection of mesh cells
BoundaryMeshRegion — a region boundary specified by a collection of mesh cells
HighlightMesh ▪ MeshCellStyle ▪ MeshCellLabel ▪ ...
Data Regions »
DelaunayMesh — a Delaunay triangulation mesh constructed from points
VoronoiMesh ▪ ConvexHullMesh ▪ ...
Region Converters »
DiscretizeGraphics, BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics — discretize 2D or 3D graphics
DiscretizeRegion, BoundaryDiscretizeRegion — discretize a region
Derived Regions »
RegionUnion — the union of regions
TransformedRegion — a region as the image of a transformation
Time-Related Computation
Broad Support for Time Series Processing »
TimeSeries — series consisting of time-value pairs
EventSeries — special time series with no interpolation between samples
TemporalData — general collection of time series
Basic Operations
TimeSeriesWindow — give the time series in the specified time window
TimeSeriesInsert — insert time-value pairs into a time series
TimeSeriesRescale ▪ TimeSeriesResample ▪ TimeSeriesShift ▪ TimeSeriesThread ▪ TimeSeriesMap ▪ TimeSeriesMapThread ▪ RegularlySampledQ ▪ MinimumTimeIncrement
Filtering & Aggregating Time Series
MovingMap — apply a function to a moving overlapping window
TimeSeriesAggregate — apply a function to a moving non-overlapping window
Differences ▪ Accumulate ▪ MovingAverage ▪ MovingMedian ▪ ...
LowpassFilter ▪ HighpassFilter ▪ MeanFilter ▪ ...
Time Series Process Modeling »
TimeSeriesModelFit — automatically fit a time series model
TimeSeriesForecast ▪ CorrelationFunction ▪ PowerSpectralDensity ▪ ...
Date & Time
DateFormat ▪ CalendarConvert ▪ TimeZoneConvert
Astronomical Computation »
Sunrise, Sunset — time of sunrise, sunset for any location and date
SunPosition ▪ MoonPosition ▪ MoonPhase ▪ ...
PlanetData — static and dynamic properties of solar system planets
PlanetaryMoonData ▪ CometData ▪ ...
StarData — positions and properties of all stars in standard catalogs
ConstellationData ▪ GalaxyData ▪ ...
SatelliteData — properties and real-time computed positions of artificial satellites
DeepSpaceProbeData — planetary and deep space probes
Geographic Data & Computation
Maps & Cartography »
GeoGraphics — create maps based on detailed worldwide geographic information
GeoListPlot — plot points or regions on maps
GeoRegionValuePlot — create geographic heat maps
GeoPosition — a position on the Earth
GeoVisibleRegion ▪ GeoVisibleRegionBoundary ▪ DayNightTerminator ▪ ...
GeoStyling — styling for rendering any region ("OutlineMap", "StreetMap", "ReliefMap", ...)
GeoBackground ▪ GeoZoomLevel ▪ GeoScaleBar ▪ ...
GeoProjection — projection to use ("Mercator", "Equirectangular", "Robinson", ...)
GeoGridLines ▪ GeoGridLinesStyle
Entity — countries, cities, and other geographic entities, entered e.g. using 
AdministrativeDivisionData ▪ OceanData ▪ ...
MountainData ▪ BuildingData ▪ AirportData ▪ UniversityData ▪ ...
Scientific and Medical Data & Computation
Physics & Chemistry »
ElementData — bulk, atomic, chemical, etc. properties of all chemical elements
ChemicalData — structural, physical, and other properties of chemical compounds
ThermodynamicData ▪ ParticleData ▪ ...
FormulaData ▪ PhysicalSystemData ▪ ...
Astronomical Computation »
Sunrise, Sunset — time of sunrise, sunset for any location and date
SunPosition ▪ MoonPosition ▪ MoonPhase ▪ ...
PlanetData — static and dynamic properties of solar system planets
PlanetaryMoonData ▪ CometData ▪ ...
StarData — positions and properties of all stars in standard catalogs
ConstellationData ▪ GalaxyData ▪ ...
SatelliteData — properties and real-time computed positions of artificial satellites
DeepSpaceProbeData — planetary and deep space probes
Connected Devices »
DeviceOpen — open a connection to a device
FindDevices — attempt to find devices available on a particular machine
DeviceRead ▪ DeviceWrite ▪ DeviceExecute ▪ DeviceExecuteAsynchronous ▪ ...
Engineering Data & Computation
Nonlinear Control Systems »
AffineStateSpaceModel — affine model 
and 
FeedbackLinearize — linearization through nonlinear feedback and state transformation
AsymptoticOutputTracker — tracker with state feedback
NonlinearStateSpaceModel ▪ FullInformationOutputRegulator ▪ ...
New in Image Processing & Analysis »
BarcodeImage, BarcodeRecognize — generate and recognize 1D or 2D barcodes
ConformImages — make a list of images that have conforming properties
RemoveBackground — separate and remove background from an image
DominantColors — improvements and new options to find a list of dominant colors
RandomColor ▪ ColorDistance ▪ ChromaticityPlot
ConstantImage ▪ LinearGradientImage ▪ RadialGradientImage
ImageCollage ▪ LocalAdaptiveBinarize ▪ GrowCutComponents ▪ ImageApplyIndexed ▪ ImageSaliencyFilter ▪ SavitzkyGolayMatrix
Use more functions for processing and analyzing 3D images
ComponentMeasurements ▪ SelectComponents
ImageRotate ▪ ImageTransformation ▪ ImagePerspectiveTransformation
EdgeDetect ▪ CrossingDetect ▪ ContourDetect ▪ CornerFilter
HistogramTransform ▪ HistogramTransformInterpolation
Connected Devices »
DeviceOpen — open a connection to a device
FindDevices — attempt to find devices available on a particular machine
DeviceRead ▪ DeviceWrite ▪ DeviceExecute ▪ DeviceExecuteAsynchronous ▪ ...
Higher Mathematical Computation
Linear Algebra »
PositiveSemidefiniteMatrixQ — new and improved matrix predicates
NormalMatrixQ ▪ OrthogonalMatrixQ ▪ SquareMatrixQ ▪ ...
New Special Functions
LogisticSigmoid — the logistic function
CantorStaircase — the Cantor ternary function
MinkowskiQuestionMark ▪ ScorerHi ▪ ScorerGi ▪ FresnelF ▪ FresnelG ▪ RiemannXi ▪ DirichletBeta ▪ DirichletEta ▪ DirichletLambda ▪ Fibonorial ▪ AlternatingFactorial ▪ FareySequence
Vector Analysis
ArcLength — length
ArcCurvature — curvature
FrenetSerretSystem — generalized curvatures and associated basis
Enhanced Calculus
DSolveValue, RSolveValue — new functions that can directly return functions of solutions
DSolve — now solves delay differential and hybrid differential equations
Sum — new algorithms for functional telescoping, multiple sums, and special functions
Product — new algorithms for functional telescoping
DifferenceDelta — new results for differences of special functions
DiscreteRatio — new results for ratios of special functions
Probability & Statistics
AutocorrelationTest — test for autocorrelation in data
Time Series Processes »
TimeSeriesModelFit — automatic fitting, diagnostics, and forecasting for time series
ARCHProcess, GARCHProcess — new classes of time series processes
ARProcess, ARMAProcess — full support for vector processes
MAProcess ▪ SARMAProcess ▪ FARIMAProcess
Markov Processes
HiddenMarkovProcess — hidden Markov process with discrete or continuous emissions
FindHiddenMarkovStates — hidden state decoding (Viterbi decoding etc.)
Parametric Processes »
TransformedProcess — transformations of random processes
WhiteNoiseProcess — new and improved capabilities for parametric processes
PoissonProcess ▪ WienerProcess ▪ GeometricBrownianMotionProcess ▪ ...
Documents & Presentation
Wolfram Predictive Interface »
String Completion — autocomplete string arguments
File Name Completion — autocomplete file names and paths
Color Chooser — choose a color from an interface
Function Template Tooltip — show function templates by clicking a tooltip
External Interfaces & Connections
URL Manipulation »
URLEncode — convert a string to use URL-style percent encoding
URLDecode — convert to Unicode from URL-style percent encoding
URLBuild ▪ URLParse ▪ URLShorten ▪ ...
Database Connections and Resources »
SQLConnectionOpenQ — client validity test for SQL connection
SQLConnectionUsableQ — server validity test for SQL connection
Connected Devices »
DeviceOpen — open a connection to a device
FindDevices — attempt to find devices available on a particular machine
DeviceRead ▪ DeviceWrite ▪ DeviceExecute ▪ DeviceExecuteAsynchronous ▪ ...
Cloud & Deployment
Cloud Functions & Deployment »
CloudObject — a handle to an expression or other content in the cloud
CloudGet — get an expression from the cloud
CloudPut — put an expression into the cloud, creating a new cloud object if necessary
CloudSave — save definitions associated with a symbol to the cloud
CloudImport ▪ CloudExport ▪ ...
Cloud Evaluation
CloudEvaluate — evaluate an expression in the cloud
CloudFunction — a pure function to be evaluated in the cloud
Deploying to the Cloud
CloudDeploy — deploy code or content to be accessed externally in the cloud
APIFunction — symbolic representation of an API to be deployed
FormFunction — symbolic representation of a form to be deployed
ExternalBundle — representation of a directory of objects
ExportForm ▪ ResponseForm ▪ HTTPResponse ▪ ...
Creating Embeddable Content
EmbedCode — HTML etc. code for external embedding of cloud content
Content Management
Permissions ▪ CloudDirectory ▪ ...
URL Manipulation »
URLEncode — convert a string to use URL-style percent encoding
URLDecode — convert to Unicode from URL-style percent encoding
URLBuild ▪ URLParse ▪ URLShorten ▪ ...