ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[θ],θwdist]
母数 θ が重み分布 wdist に従って分布する母数混合分布を表す.
ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[θ1,θ2,…],{θ1wdist1,θ2wdist2,…}]
母数 θ1が重み分布 wdist1に,母数 θ2が重み分布 wdist2にというように順に従う母数混合分布を表す.
ParameterMixtureDistribution
ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[θ],θwdist]
母数 θ が重み分布 wdist に従って分布する母数混合分布を表す.
ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[θ1,θ2,…],{θ1wdist1,θ2wdist2,…}]
母数 θ1が重み分布 wdist1に,母数 θ2が重み分布 wdist2にというように順に従う母数混合分布を表す.
詳細とオプション
- 値
の確率密度はExpectation[PDF[dist[θ],x],θwdist]で与えられる. - 重み分布 wdist の領域は dist[θ]で期待される母数領域と等しいかその部分集合でなければならない.
- 母数 θiは離散的でも連続的でもよい.
- 母数についての仮定は,Assumptionsassum を使って指定することができる.
- ParameterMixtureDistributionはMean,CDF,RandomVariate等の関数で使うことができる.
例題
すべて開く すべて閉じる例 (3)
ParameterMixtureDistribution[BinomialDistribution[n, p], p BetaDistribution[α, β]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[v], v ExponentialDistribution[λ]]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[GammaDistribution[2, β], βUniformDistribution[{1, 2}]]Plot[Evaluate[PDF[𝒟, x]], {x, 0, 11}, Filling -> Axis, PlotRange -> All]CDF[𝒟, x]{Mean[𝒟], Variance[𝒟]}𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[DirichletDistribution[{α, 1, 2}], αExponentialDistribution[1]]SmoothHistogram3D[RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3]]スコープ (36)
基本的な用法 (7)
一様分布に従う重みのExponentialDistributionの母数混合分布を求める:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ExponentialDistribution[λ], λUniformDistribution[{0, 1}]];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 10}, Filling -> Axis]DistributionParameterAssumptions[RayleighDistribution[σ]]CDF[HalfNormalDistribution[4], σ]𝒫 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[RayleighDistribution[σ], σHalfNormalDistribution[4]];CDF[𝒫, x]Plot[CDF[𝒫, x]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 2}, Filling -> Axis]𝒟1 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BenfordDistribution[b + 2], bBinomialDistribution[10, .4]];
𝒟2 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BenfordDistribution[b + 2], bBinomialDistribution[10, .7]];Table[DiscretePlot[PDF[d, x], {x, 1, 10}, PlotRange -> {0, 0.5}, ExtentSize -> 1 / 2], {d, {𝒟1, 𝒟2}}]{Probability[x < 4, x𝒟1], Probability[x < 4, x𝒟2]}𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[GammaDistribution[α, β], βExponentialDistribution[λ]];CDF[𝒟, x]{Mean[𝒟], Variance[𝒟]}𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], {μ, σ}UniformDistribution[{{-1 / 2, 1 / 2}, {0, 2}}]];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, -3, 3}, Filling -> Axis]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BorelTannerDistribution[α, n], {nPoissonDistribution[10], αUniformDistribution[{0, 1}]}];Histogram[RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3], {-0.5, 60.5, 3}, "PDF"]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[λ], λBetaDistribution[α, β]];sample = Block[{α = 2, β = 3}, RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 2]];edist = EstimatedDistribution[sample, 𝒟]Show[Histogram[sample, {-0.5, 4.5, 1}, "PDF"], DiscretePlot[PDF[edist, x], {x, 0, 5}, PlotStyle -> PointSize[Medium]]]重み分布 (5)
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[μ], μHalfNormalDistribution[θ]];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]DiscretePlot[Table[pdf, {θ, {1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4}}]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 10}, PlotMarkers -> Automatic]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, λ], kPoissonDistribution[μ]];PDF[𝒟, x]Momentは記号次数については閉形式である:
Moment[𝒟, r]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BinomialDistribution[n, 0.3], nBenfordDistribution[b]];Table[DiscretePlot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 8}, ExtentSize -> 1 / 2, PlotRange -> {Full, {0, 0.6}}, ImageSize -> Small], {b, {4, 10}}]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ParetoDistribution[a, 1, 1, b], {a, b}UniformDistribution[{{1, 2}, {0, 1}}]];PDF[𝒟, x]Integrate[PDF[𝒟, x], {x, -∞, ∞}]//Simplify𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[UniformDistribution[{a, b}], {aUniformDistribution[], bUniformDistribution[{2, 3}]}];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]Plot[pdf, {x, 0, 3}, Filling -> Axis, Exclusions -> None]Mean[𝒟]N[%]Variance[𝒟]N[%]パラメトリック分布 (8)
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[a, 3], aExponentialDistribution[2]];CDF[𝒟, x]Plot[CDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, -6, 10}, Filling -> Axis]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[CauchyDistribution[a, 1], aWaringYuleDistribution[1 / 10]];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]//FullSimplifyPlot[pdf, {x, -4, 6}, Filling -> Axis]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PascalDistribution[10, p], pBetaDistribution[1 / 2, 3]];DiscretePlot[PDF[𝒟, x], {x, 0, 50}]data = RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3];{Mean[data], Variance[data]}//N𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NegativeBinomialDistribution[n, 1 / 3], nGeometricDistribution[p]];PDF[𝒟, x]{Mean[𝒟], Variance[𝒟]}
の固定した値について,Momentは記号次数の下では閉形式である:
Block[{p = 1 / 4}, Moment[𝒟, r]]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BinormalDistribution[ρ], ρUniformDistribution[{0, 1}]];ランダムサンプルと平滑化されたヒストグラムを使って密度関数を可視化する:
sample = RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3];SmoothHistogram3D[sample, Automatic, "PDF"]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[MultivariateTDistribution[{{1, 0}, {0, 1}}, ν], νDiscreteUniformDistribution[{3, 4}]];Plot3D[PDF[𝒟, {x, y}]//Evaluate, {x, -2, 2}, {y, -2, 2}]PDF[𝒟, {x, y}]Mean[𝒟]Covariance[𝒟]//MatrixForm𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[MultivariatePoissonDistribution[μ, {1, 2, 3}], μBirnbaumSaundersDistribution[2, 3]];sample = RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3];Table[Histogram[sample[[All, i]], Automatic, "PDF"], {i, 3}]LaplaceDistributionは母数混合分布として表すことができる:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], σRayleighDistribution[ν]];PDF[𝒟, x]//Refine[#, {x, μ}∈Reals && ν > 0]&PDF[LaplaceDistribution[μ, ν], x]FullSimplify[% - %%]ノンパラメトリック分布 (3)
EmpiricalDistributionを重みとして使う:
ed = EmpiricalDistribution[RandomVariate[ExponentialDistribution[2], 10]];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[0, σ], σed];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x], {x, -2, 2}, PlotRange -> All, Filling -> Axis]PDF[𝒟, x]HistogramDistributionを重みとして使う:
hd = HistogramDistribution[RandomVariate[ExponentialDistribution[2], 10]];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[0, σ], σhd];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, -2, 2}, PlotRange -> All, Filling -> Axis]PDF[𝒟, x]SmoothKernelDistributionを重みとし,母数混合分布を定義する:
skd = SmoothKernelDistribution[RandomVariate[GammaDistribution[2, 3], 10 ^ 2], MaxRecursion -> 3];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, 1], μskd];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, -5, 20}, PlotPoints -> 2, Filling -> Axis]Plot[CDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, -5, 20}, PlotPoints -> 2, Filling -> Axis]派生分布 (11)
ProductDistributionを母数混合分布中の重み分布として使う:
𝒫 = ProductDistribution[LogNormalDistribution[2, 1 / 3], LogNormalDistribution[1, 1 / 2]];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[BetaDistribution[α, β], {α, β}𝒫]; からのランダムサンプルのヒストグラムを使って確率密度関数を可視化する:
sample = RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3];Show[Histogram[sample, 20, "PDF"], SmoothHistogram[sample, PlotStyle -> Thick]]TransformedDistributionの母数混合分布を求める:
𝒫 = TransformedDistribution[u + 3, uGammaDistribution[α, β]];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[𝒫, {αExponentialDistribution[1 / 10], βUniformDistribution[{0, 1}]}];sample = RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3];
Show[Histogram[sample, Automatic, "PDF"], SmoothHistogram[sample, PlotStyle -> Thick, PlotRange -> All]]TransformedDistributionを重み分布として使って母数混合分布を求める:
𝒲 = TransformedDistribution[2 u, uExponentialDistribution[1]];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[MaxwellDistribution[σ], σ𝒲];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]Plot[pdf, {x, 0, 10}, Filling -> Axis]MixtureDistributionを母数混合分布で重み分布として使う:
ℳ = MixtureDistribution[{1, 2}, {PoissonDistribution[3], PoissonDistribution[13]}];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, 4], kℳ];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 7}, Filling -> Axis]{Mean[𝒟], Variance[𝒟]}確率分布に従ってMixtureDistribution中の重みを変化させる:
ℳ = MixtureDistribution[{a, b}, {NormalDistribution[1, 1 / 2], NormalDistribution[-3, 1]}];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ℳ, {a, b}UniformDistribution[{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]//PowerExpand平均値での固定した重みのMixtureDistributionと比較する:
{w1, w2} = Mean[UniformDistribution[{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]];pdf2 = PDF[MixtureDistribution[{w1, w2}, {NormalDistribution[1, 1 / 2], NormalDistribution[-3, 1]}], x]//PowerExpandpdf - pdf2//FullSimplifyPlot[{pdf, pdf2}, {x, -6, 4}, Filling -> Axis]TruncatedDistributionの母数混合分布を定義する:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[TruncatedDistribution[{-1, b}, NormalDistribution[]], bBinomialDistribution[3, 0.7]];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x], {x, -1.5, 3}, Filling -> Axis]PDF[𝒟, x]{Mean[𝒟], Variance[𝒟]}TruncatedDistributionの母数分布を定義する:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[TruncatedDistribution[{0, 4}, NormalDistribution[0, σ]], σUniformDistribution[{0, 1}]];SmoothHistogram[RandomVariate[𝒟, 10 ^ 3], Filling -> Axis]母数混合分布でTruncatedDistributionを重み分布として使う:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[HalfNormalDistribution[θ], θTruncatedDistribution[{0, 2}, RayleighDistribution[2]]];Plot[PDF[𝒟, x]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 4}, Filling -> Axis]PDF[𝒟, x]Mean[𝒟]OrderDistributionの母数混合分布を求める:
𝒫 = OrderDistribution[{NormalDistribution[], n + 1}, n + 1];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[𝒫, nPoissonDistribution[μ]];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]Plot[Table[pdf, {μ, {2, 5, 10}}]//Evaluate, {x, -3, 4}, Filling -> Axis]OrderDistributionを重み分布として使う:
𝒲 = OrderDistribution[{ExponentialDistribution[λ], 4}, 4];
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[μ], μ𝒲];pdf = PDF[𝒟, x]//FullSimplify[#, λ > 0]&DiscretePlot[Table[pdf, {λ, {1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1}}]//Evaluate, {x, 0, 12}, PlotMarkers -> Automatic]QuantityDistributionの母数混合を評価するとQuantityDistributionになる:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[QuantityDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], "Nanometers"], μCauchyDistribution[0, 𝓈]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[QuantityDistribution[ExponentialDistribution[λ], "Nanometers"], λGammaDistribution[2, μ]]自動簡約 (2)
離散分布 (1)
BetaDistributionを重みとした母数混合分布:
ParameterMixtureDistribution[BinomialDistribution[n, p], p BetaDistribution[a, b]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[NegativeBinomialDistribution[n, p],
p BetaDistribution[a, b]]PoissonDistributionを含む母数混合分布:
ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[v], v ExponentialDistribution[m]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[μ], μGammaDistribution[1, (1 - p) / p]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[v], v GammaDistribution[n, m]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[BorelTannerDistribution[α, n],
n PoissonDistribution[μ]]連続分布 (1)
ParameterMixtureDistribution[ExponentialDistribution[λ], λExponentialDistribution[1]]RayleighDistributionを含む母数混合分布:
ParameterMixtureDistribution[RayleighDistribution[σ], σLogNormalDistribution[μ, ν]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[RayleighDistribution[Sqrt[σ]], σGammaDistribution[α, β]]NormalDistributionを含む母数混合分布:
ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[p, Subscript[σ, 1]], pNormalDistribution[μ, Subscript[σ, 2]]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, σ], σRayleighDistribution[ν]]ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[μ, 1 / Sqrt[σ]], σGammaDistribution[α, β]]オプション (1)
Assumptions (1)
WaringYuleDistributionは幾何分布とUniformDistributionの母数混合分布である:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[GeometricDistribution[w^1 / a], wUniformDistribution[], Assumptions -> a > 0];PDF[𝒟, k]PDF[WaringYuleDistribution[a], k]FullSimplify[% - %%]アプリケーション (7)
SuzukiDistributionはRayleighDistributionとLogNormalDistributionの母数混合分布として定義される:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[RayleighDistribution[σ], σLogNormalDistribution[μ, ν]]KDistributionはRayleighDistributionとGammaDistributionの母数混合分布として表すことができる:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[RayleighDistribution[Sqrt[σ]], σGammaDistribution[α, β / (2 α)]]銀行員が各顧客の応対に要する時間(単位:分)は,平均3のLindleyDistributionに従う平均時間
のExponentialDistributionに従う.応対時間の分布を求める:
{sol} = NSolve[Mean[LindleyDistribution[δ]] == 3 && δ > 0, δ]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ExponentialDistribution[1 / Quantity[λ, "Minutes"]], λLindleyDistribution[δ]] /. sol;pdf = PDF[𝒟, Quantity[t, "Minutes"]]Plot[pdf, {t, 0, 6}, Filling -> Axis, AxesLabel -> {"min"}]mean = Mean[𝒟]ListPlot[{RandomVariate[𝒟, 30], {{0, mean}, {30, mean}}}, Filling -> {1 -> Axis}, Joined -> {False, True}, AxesLabel -> Automatic]光通信システムでは,送信された光が受信器で電流を生成する.電子の数は光のタイプによってポアソン分布と他の分布の母数混合分布に従う.光源が強度
のコヒーレントレーザー光線を使う場合,電子数はポアソン分布に従う:
𝒟1 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[μ], μTransformedDistribution[λ x, xBernoulliDistribution[1]], Assumptions -> λ > 0];PDF[𝒟1, x]これはPoissonDistributionである:
PDF[PoissonDistribution[λ], x]光源が熱照明を使う場合,ポアソン母数は母数
でExponentialDistributionに従い,電子数の分布が決定できる:
𝒟2 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[PoissonDistribution[μ], μExponentialDistribution[1 / λ], Assumptions -> λ > 0]Block[{λ = 3}, Histogram[{RandomVariate[𝒟1, 10 ^ 4], RandomVariate[𝒟2, 10 ^ 4]}, {0, 20, 1}, "PDF"]]Doppler(Cauchy)プロファイルとLorentzian(正規)プロファイルを組み合せた結果の,Voigtスペクトル線プロファイル:
ParameterMixtureDistribution[CauchyDistribution[μ, δ], μNormalDistribution[0, σ]]pdf[δ_, σ_, z_] = PDF[VoigtDistribution[δ, σ], z]Plot[pdf[1, 2, z], {z, -10, 10}, Filling -> Axis]With[{δ = 1, σ = 2}, 2z /. FindRoot[pdf[δ, σ, z] == pdf[δ, σ, 0] / 2, {z, 2}]]//ChopModifiedNormalDistribution[a_, σ_] = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[0, σ Sqrt[t]], tPowerDistribution[1, a]];pdf[a_, σ_, x_] = PDF[ModifiedNormalDistribution[a, σ], x]
のいくつかの値について修正正規分布密度をプロットし,それらを標準正規分布密度と比較する:
Show[Plot[{pdf[1, 1, x], pdf[2, 1, x], pdf[5, 1, x]}, {x, -5, 5}], Plot[PDF[NormalDistribution[], x], {x, -5, 5}, PlotStyle -> Dashed]]𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NegativeMultinomialDistribution[10, {p1, p2}], {p1, p2}DirichletDistribution[{1, 2, 3}]];pdf = PDF[𝒟, {x, y}]DiscretePlot3D[pdf, {x, 0, 10}, {y, 0, 10}, ExtentSize -> 1 / 2]特性と関係 (4)
母数混合分布の確率密度関数はExpectationを使って計算できる:
𝒟 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ExponentialDistribution[λ], λUniformDistribution[{1, 2}]];PDF[𝒟, x]Expectation[PDF[ExponentialDistribution[λ], x], λUniformDistribution[{1, 2}]]有限数の値を仮定すると,離散重み分布を持つ母数混合分布はMixtureDistributionとして表すことができる:
𝒟1 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, λ], kBinomialDistribution[3, p]];weights = Table[PDF[BinomialDistribution[3, p], k], {k, 0, 3}];
dists = Table[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, λ], {k, 0, 3}];
𝒟2 = MixtureDistribution[weights, dists];PDF[𝒟1, x]//FullSimplifyPDF[𝒟2, x]//FullSimplify数えられる数の値を仮定すると,離散重み分布を持つ母数混合分布はMixtureDistributionで近似することができる:
𝒟1 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, λ], kPoissonDistribution[μ]];weights[q_] := Table[PDF[PoissonDistribution[μ], k], {k, 0, Quantile[PoissonDistribution[μ], q]}];
dists[q_] := Table[ErlangDistribution[k + 1, λ], {k, 0, Quantile[PoissonDistribution[μ], q]}];
𝒟2[q_] := MixtureDistribution[weights[q], dists[q]];Legended[Block[{μ = 9, λ = 2}, Table[Plot[{PDF[𝒟1, x], PDF[𝒟2[q], x]}//Evaluate, {x, 0, 15}, PlotLabel -> Row[{"q = ", q}]], {q, {0.8, 0.9, 0.95, .99}}]], Placed[LineLegend[97, {"𝒟1", "𝒟2"}, LegendLayout -> "Row"], Below]]連続重み分布を持つ母数混合分布をMixtureDistributionで近似する:
weight𝒟 = WeibullDistribution[1.5, 3];
Plot[PDF[weight𝒟, x], {x, 0, 10}]𝒟1 = ParameterMixtureDistribution[NormalDistribution[0, λ], λweight𝒟];
pdf1 = PDF[𝒟1, x];weights[q_] := Table[PDF[weight𝒟, λ], {λ, Quantile[weight𝒟, q], Quantile[weight𝒟, 1 - q], 0.1}];
dists[q_] := Table[NormalDistribution[0, λ], {λ, Quantile[weight𝒟, q], Quantile[weight𝒟, 1 - q], 0.1}];
𝒟2[q_] := MixtureDistribution[weights[q], dists[q]];Legended[Table[Plot[({pdf1, PDF[𝒟2[q], x]}//Evaluate), {x, -3, 3}, PlotRange -> All, PlotLabel -> Row[{"q = ", q}]], {q, {0.1, 0.05, .01}}], Placed[LineLegend[97, {"𝒟1", "𝒟2"}, LegendLayout -> "Row"], Below]]テキスト
Wolfram Research (2010), ParameterMixtureDistribution, Wolfram言語関数, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.html (2016年に更新).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 2010. "ParameterMixtureDistribution." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2016. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (2010). ParameterMixtureDistribution. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_parametermixturedistribution, author="Wolfram Research", title="{ParameterMixtureDistribution}", year="2016", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.html}", note=[Accessed: 02-August-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_parametermixturedistribution, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={ParameterMixtureDistribution}, year={2016}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.html}, note=[Accessed: 02-August-2026]}