WOLFRAM

Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心

MaterialShading["material"]

是一个三维图形指令，指定后面的曲面将使用材质 "material" 的外观绘制.

MaterialShading[{"material",col}]

使用指定的颜色 col 作为基色.

MaterialShading[parm1val1,parm2val2,…]

使用指定的参数 parms.

更多信息
Details and Options Details and Options
范例  
基本范例  
范围  
基本用法  
规范  
灯光  
应用  
基本应用  
逼真材质  
属性和关系  
可能存在的问题  
巧妙范例  
参见
技术笔记
相关指南
历史
按以下格式引用：

MaterialShading

MaterialShading["material"]

是一个三维图形指令，指定后面的曲面将使用材质 "material" 的外观绘制.

MaterialShading[{"material",col}]

使用指定的颜色 col 作为基色.

MaterialShading[parm1val1,parm2val2,…]

使用指定的参数 parms.

更多信息

  • MaterialShading 也称为基于物理的渲染 (Physically Based Rendering) 或 PBR 着色 (PBR Shader).
  • MaterialShading 通常用于渲染表面，以模拟现实世界中光和材质相互作用的某些关键方面的方式.
  • MaterialShading["material"] 指定表面上的反射率应该很好地接近材质 "material" 的光学特性.
  • 可能的材质包括：
  • MaterialShading[{"material",col}] 指定材质 "material" 的基色.
  • MaterialShading[<|parm1val1,…|>] 指定表面上的反射率应近似于基于物理、几何和照明属性的反射率方程 parmi.
  • 材质的可能颜色参数 parmi 包括：
  • "BaseColor"材质的基色
    "EmissionColor"整个表面发出的光的颜色
    "SpecularColor"镜面反射光的颜色
  • 颜色参数 parmi 的值 vali 可以以下列形式给出：
  • col颜色
    Texture[image]基于图像的二维纹理
    {…,s}颜色对最终颜色的贡献的分数
  • 可能的物理参数 parmi 包括：
  • "MetallicCoefficient"材质表面金属系数
    "RoughnessCoefficient"材质表面粗糙度系数
  • 物理参数 parmi 的值 vali 可以以下列形式给出：
  • s表面属性的分数
    Texture[image]基于图像的二维纹理
  • 可能的几何参数 parmi 包括：
  • "SurfaceNormals"表面的法向量
  • 几何参数 parmi 的值 vali 可以以下列形式给出：
  • Texture[image]基于图像的二维纹理
    {…,s}表面法线的分数
  • 材质的透明涂层覆盖的可能参数 parmi 包括：
  • "CoatColor"涂层的颜色
    "CoatRoughnessCoefficient"涂层的粗糙度系数
  • 可能的各向异性参数 parmi 包括：
  • "SpecularAnisotropyCoefficient"镜面反射各向异性系数
    "CoatAnisotropyCofficient"涂层反射各向异性系数
  • 各向异性参数 parmi 的值 vali 可以以下列形式给出：
  • s相对于视角的反射分数
    {s,θ}反射的旋转
  • 材质在掠射角的可能参数 parmi 包括：
  • "SheenColor"反射光的颜色
    "SheenRoughnessCoefficient"粗糙度系数
  • 可能的灯光参数 parmi 包括：
  • "AmbientExposureFraction"表面上环境光的分数
  • 灯光参数 parmi 的值 vali 可以以下列形式给出：
  • s表面上环境光的分数
    Texture[image]基于图像的二维纹理
  • MaterialShading[] 实际上等价于 MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor"White|>].
  • MaterialShading 将覆盖任何颜色、Opacity、Texture、Glow 或 Specularity 设置.

范例

打开所有单元 关闭所有单元

基本范例  (4)

对单位球体应用材质着色：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

显示一个青铜结：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Bronze"], KnotData["SolomonSeal", "ImageData"]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

为图形中的曲面设置样式：

Wolfram Language code: Plot3D[Sin[x + y ^ 2], {x, -3, 3}, {y, -2, 2}, PlotPoints -> 80, PlotStyle -> MaterialShading["Copper"], Mesh -> None, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

显示金色的贝多芬半身像：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Gold"], ExampleData[{"Geometry3D", "Beethoven"}, "GraphicsComplex"]}, Boxed -> False, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

范围  (15)

基本用法  (6)

将材质着色应用于图形基元：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], #}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]& /@ {Sphere[], CapsuleShape[], Cone[]}

将材质着色应用于绘图：

Wolfram Language code: SphericalPlot3D[1 + Sin[5ϕ] / 5, {θ, 0, Pi}, {ϕ, 0, 2Pi}, Axes -> False, PlotStyle -> MaterialShading["Gold"], PlotPoints -> 40, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

将材质着色应用于图表：

Wolfram Language code: BarChart3D[Range[5], ChartElements -> [image], ChartStyle -> MaterialShading["Copper"], Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

设置几何区域的样式：

Wolfram Language code: Region[Style[MengerMesh[2, 3], MaterialShading["Clay"]], Lighting -> "Accent"]

将材质着色应用于三维物体：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Aluminum"], ExampleData[{"Geometry3D", "Galleon"}, "GraphicsComplex"]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint", Boxed -> False]

汇总框：

Wolfram Language code: MaterialShading["Gold"]

规范  (6)

指定命名材质预设：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Electrum"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

使用材质实体 Entity：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[Entity["Element", "Copper"]], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

为命名材料使用自定义基色：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[{"Electrum", Cyan}], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

直接指定材质参数：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> Red, "MetallicCoefficient" -> 1.0, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.8 |>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

使用 LightDarkSwitched 来为浅色和深色模式指定不同的颜色：

Wolfram Language code: graphic = Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> LightDarkSwitched[Red, Cyan]|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"];
Wolfram Language code: {LightModePane[graphic], DarkModePane[graphic]}

没有参数的 MaterialShading[] 使用 White 基色：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

灯光  (3)

MaterialShading 适用于所有类型的灯光：

Wolfram Language code: lights = {{"Ambient", LightGray}, {"Point", White, ImageScaled[{1, 1, 2}]}, {"Directional", White, ImageScaled[{1, 1, 2}]}, {"Spot", White, {{1, -1, 1}, {0, 0, 0}}, Pi / 4}}; Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> {#}]& /@ lights

使用彩色灯光：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> {{"Directional", Red, ImageScaled[{1, -0.5, 1}]}, {"Directional", Green, ImageScaled[{-1, -0.5, 1}]}, {"Directional", Blue, ImageScaled[{0, 1, 1}]}, {"Ambient", GrayLevel[0.2]}}]

使用 "ThreePoint" 或 "Accent" 灯光真实再现表面颜色：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> #] & /@ { "ThreePoint", "Accent", Automatic}

应用  (14)

基本应用  (10)

显示命名材质：

Wolfram Language code: knot = IconizedObject[«[image]»]; materials = {"Aluminum", "Brass", "Bronze", "Copper", "Electrum", "Gold", "Iron", "Pewter", "Silver", "Clay", "Foil", "Glazed", "Plastic", "Rubber", "Satin", "Velvet"};
Wolfram Language code: Grid[Partition[Labeled[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[#], knot}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint", Boxed -> False, ImageSize -> 72, Method -> {"ShrinkWrap" -> True}], #]& /@ materials, 4, 4, 1, {}], Spacings -> {1, 1}]

使用 "BaseColor" 参数设置材质的基色：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> c|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {c, {RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], RGBColor[0.97, 0.606, 0.081], RGBColor[0.91, 0.318, 0.243]}}]

使用 "RoughnessCoefficient" 参数设置材料的光泽度：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"RoughnessCoefficient" -> r|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {r, {0.15, 0.4, 1.0}}]

使用 "SpecularColor" 参数设置闪亮材质上镜面高光的颜色：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"SpecularColor" -> s, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.3|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {s, {RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], RGBColor[0.97, 0.606, 0.081], RGBColor[0.91, 0.318, 0.243]}}]

基色设置为 Black的镜面高光：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"SpecularColor" -> s, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.3, "BaseColor" -> Black|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {s, {RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], RGBColor[0.97, 0.606, 0.081], RGBColor[0.91, 0.318, 0.243]}}]

使用 "MetallicCoefficient" 参数创建金属材质：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"MetallicCoefficient" -> m, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.7|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {m, {0, 1}}]

设置基色：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> c, "MetallicCoefficient" -> 1, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.7|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"], {c, {RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], RGBColor[0.97, 0.606, 0.081], RGBColor[0.91, 0.318, 0.243]}}]

使用 "SpecularAnisotropyCoefficient" 参数设置材质的偏好，以沿其切线方向反射光线：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"MetallicCoefficient" -> 1, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.7, "SpecularAnisotropyCoefficient" -> a|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"], {a, {0, 0.5, 1.0}}]

设置切线方向的自定义角度：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"MetallicCoefficient" -> 1, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.7, "SpecularAnisotropyCoefficient" -> {1.0, θ}|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"], {θ, {0, Pi / 4, Pi / 2}}]

使用 "EmissionColor" 参数设置材质本身发出的光：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"EmissionColor" -> c|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"], {c, {Red, Green, Blue}}]

发出的颜色不需要场景照明：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"EmissionColor" -> Red|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> None]

使用 "SheenColor" 参数在材质边缘添加高光：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"SheenColor" -> c|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"], {c, {RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], RGBColor[0.97, 0.606, 0.081], RGBColor[0.91, 0.318, 0.243]}}]

参数 "SheenRoughnessCoefficient" 设置光泽照明的浓度：

Wolfram Language code: Table[Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"SheenColor" -> RGBColor[0.34398, 0.49112, 0.89936], "SheenRoughnessCoefficient" -> r|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"], {r, {0.1, 0.9}}]

金属材料没有漫射光，当完全光滑时会显得很暗：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"MetallicCoefficient" -> 1|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"]

使用 "RoughnessCoefficient" 参数来增加金属的粗糙度：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"MetallicCoefficient" -> 1, "RoughnessCoefficient" -> #|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent"]& /@ {1 / 3, 2 / 3, 1}

"AmbientExposureFraction" 参数对定向光、点光或聚光灯没有影响：

Wolfram Language code: lights = {{"Directional", White, ImageScaled[{1, 1, 4}]}, {"Point", White, ImageScaled[{1, 1, 2}]}, {"Spot", White, {ImageScaled[{1, 1, 2}], {0, 0, 0}}, Pi / 4}}; Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"AmbientExposureFraction" -> Texture[[image]]|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> {#}]& /@ lights

使用环境光查看 "AmbientExposureFraction" 参数的效果：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"AmbientExposureFraction" -> Texture[[image]]|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> {{"Directional", Gray, ImageScaled[{1, 1, 4}]}, {"Ambient", Gray}}]

逼真材质  (4)

创建非金属磨砂材质：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

使用 PBR 纹理的组合来创建半逼真的材质：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> Texture[[image]], "SurfaceNormals" -> Texture[[image]]|>], Sphere[]}, ...]

使用金属质感创建具有磨损的金属材质：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> Texture[[image]], "SurfaceNormals" -> Texture[[image]], "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.65, "MetallicCoefficient" -> Texture[[image]] |>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint", Boxed -> False, ViewPoint -> Front]

使用发射纹理来创建炽热的材质：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> GrayLevel[0.15], "SurfaceNormals" -> Texture[[image]], "RoughnessCoefficient" -> 0.6, "EmissionColor" -> Texture[[image]] , "SpecularColor" -> GrayLevel[1]|>], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "Accent", Boxed -> False, ViewPoint -> Right]

属性和关系  (3)

没有参数的 MaterialShading 近似于默认系统外观：

Wolfram Language code: {Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[], Sphere[]}], Graphics3D[{Sphere[]}]}

将纹理应用于长方体：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> Texture[[image]] |>], Cuboid[]}, Lighting -> "Neutral"]

使用 VertexTextureCoordinates 为二维纹理指定顶点纹理坐标：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading[<|"BaseColor" -> Texture[[image]]|>], Polygon[{{-2, -1, 0}, {2, -1, 0}, {2, 1, 0}, {-2, 1, 0}}, VertexTextureCoordinates -> {{0, 0}, {2, 0}, {2, 1}, {0, 1}}]}]

可能存在的问题  (1)

默认灯光方案使用多种彩色光源：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}]

使用 "ThreePoint" 灯光获得标准材质着色效果：

Wolfram Language code: Graphics3D[{MaterialShading["Iron"], Sphere[]}, Lighting -> "ThreePoint"]

巧妙范例  (1)

一个红色的釉面装饰的立方体：

Wolfram Language code: With[{c = 0.8}, ContourPlot3D[((x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 - c ^ 2) ^ 2 + (z ^ 2 - 1) ^ 2) ((y ^ 2 + z ^ 2 - c ^ 2) ^ 2 + (x ^ 2 - 1) ^ 2) ((z ^ 2 + x ^ 2 - c ^ 2) ^ 2 + (y ^ 2 - 1) ^ 2), {x, -1.5, 1.5}, {y, -1.5, 1.5}, {z, -1.5, 1.5}, Contours -> {0.1}, ContourStyle -> {MaterialShading[{"Glazed", Red}]}, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False, Background -> GrayLevel[.1], Lighting -> "ThreePoint", Mesh -> False, ViewAngle -> Pi / 10, ViewVertical -> {0, 1, 0}, PlotPoints -> 50]]
Wolfram Research (2021)，MaterialShading，Wolfram 语言函数，https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html.

文本

Wolfram Research (2021)，MaterialShading，Wolfram 语言函数，https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html.

CMS

Wolfram 语言. 2021. "MaterialShading." Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html.

APA

Wolfram 语言. (2021). MaterialShading. Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. 追溯自 https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html 年

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_materialshading, author="Wolfram Research", title="{MaterialShading}", year="2021", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html}", note=[Accessed: 19-June-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2026_materialshading, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={MaterialShading}, year={2021}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.html}, note=[Accessed: 19-June-2026]}