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Graphics3D
✖
Graphics3D

Updated in 14

✖
Graphics3D[primitives,options]

represents a three-dimensional graphical image.

Details and Options

Examples

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Basic Examples  (3)Summary of the most common use cases

Use lines, polygons, cylinders, spheres, etc. to build up a 3D graphics scene:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-yvzj
Out[1]=1

Use plot functions to automatically create Graphics3D from different types of data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-4edks
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-wv3x
Out[2]=2

Use built-in polyhedron data:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-j126c6
Out[1]=1

Scope  (14)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Primitives  (2)

Three-dimensional planar polygons can fold over themselves:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-co3osw
Out[1]=1

Vertices can be shared by using GraphicsComplex:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ppdul
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-f78psg
Out[2]=2

Directives  (5)

Directives can specify color, opacity, and specularity of faces:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dcq9jm
Out[1]=1

Specify the specular exponent:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-wvtlz
Out[1]=1

Colors, thickness, and dashing directives affect lines and edges:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bllppn
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-b8ajtv
Out[2]=2

Specify different properties for front and back of faces:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gwr78t
Out[1]=1

Graphics directives normally remain in effect only until the end of the list that contains them:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cab7d8
Out[1]=1

Coordinates  (2)

Use an ordinary coordinate system:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-chogn2
Out[1]=1

Specify coordinates by fractions of the plot range:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-jcum7t
Out[1]=1

Lighting and Camera  (5)

Default lighting on a gray specular sphere:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-eo9u9n
Out[1]=1

Different light source for each sphere:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gf4saw
Out[1]=1

Specify the view point using special scaled coordinates:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fu8y1o
Out[1]=1

Specify orthographic views:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-efg71l
Out[1]=1

Specify the view vectors using ordinary coordinates:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-d7s2l
Out[1]=1

Options  (86)Common values & functionality for each option

AlignmentPoint  (1)

Specify the position to be aligned in 3D Inset, using coordinates:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-qrwmq
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-d8jsnq
Out[2]=2

AspectRatio  (1)

In 3D, the aspect ratio determines the ratio of the final displayed 2D image:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-tsr4w
Out[1]=1

Axes  (2)

Draw all the axes:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-o3f6fh
Out[1]=1

Draw only the axis:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dxt7z
Out[1]=1

AxesEdge  (3)

Choose the bounding box edges automatically to draw the axes:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fhukan
Out[1]=1

Draw the axis edge that is the intersection of the plane and the plane:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-iugmls
Out[1]=1

Draw the axis edge that is the intersection of the plane and plane:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cd01dn
Out[2]=2

Four different positions for the axis:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ctu091
Out[1]=1

AxesLabel  (2)

Place a label for the axis in 3D:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-i53usv
Out[1]=1

Specify a label for each axis:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-hgi2de
Out[1]=1

AxesStyle  (1)

Specify overall axes style, including the ticks and the tick labels:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-efen8y
Out[1]=1

Specify the style for each axis:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-baot8f
Out[2]=2

Background  (1)

Specify a background color:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-nw4l
Out[1]=1

BaselinePosition  (2)

Align the center of a graphic with the baseline of the text:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bgqy4a
Out[1]=1

Specify the baseline of a graphic as a fraction of the height by using Scaled:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dlh30h
Out[1]=1

BaseStyle  (2)

Set the starting style:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fmz8at
Out[1]=1

Set multiple starting styles:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bvo2z
Out[1]=1

Boxed  (1)

Draw the edges of the bounding box:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cuf6c0
Out[1]=1

Do not draw the edges of the bounding box:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-kjw4gh
Out[2]=2

BoxRatios  (2)

Specify the ratios between the bounding box edges:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-lbgzdj
Out[1]=1

Use the actual coordinate values for the ratios:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-hiy42z
Out[1]=1

BoxStyle  (1)

Use dashed lines for the bounding box:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-17ge4
Out[1]=1

ClipPlanes  (1)

Specify a clipping plane:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-52gim9
Out[1]=1

ClipPlanesStyle  (1)

Visualize the styled clipping plane:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cw550d
Out[1]=1

Epilog  (1)

Place text at the right bottom corner of the 3D graphic:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dcngy7
Out[1]=1

FaceGrids  (4)

Put grids on every face of a 3D graphic:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bqln93
Out[1]=1

Put grids on both ‐ faces:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-diprzx
Out[1]=1

Put face grids on the plane:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-f5yql2
Out[1]=1

On the plane, put grid lines on , , and :

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-lkxjz
Out[1]=1

FaceGridsStyle  (1)

Specify the overall style of face grids:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-i5o12
Out[1]=1

FormatType  (2)

By default, expressions are displayed using TraditionalForm in graphics:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-e2jq14
Out[1]=1

Display expressions using StandardForm:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cmg6xs
Out[1]=1

ImageMargins  (2)

Have 30-point margins on all sides:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bvwbzt
Out[1]=1

Leave different margins on each side:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-kjamjz
Out[1]=1

ImagePadding  (4)

Thick lines and labels outside of the bounding box can be clipped without ImagePadding:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bea2sr
Out[1]=1

Leave enough padding for labels:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-f4c0us
Out[1]=1

Specify the same padding for all sides in printer's points:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-1pfck
Out[1]=1

Specify different padding on different sides:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-b9yjf7
Out[1]=1

ImageSize  (3)

Use predefined symbolic sizes in 3D:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bfsvhe
Out[1]=1

Use an explicit image width:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-d8yorl
Out[1]=1

Use an explicit image width and height:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-h77r8
Out[1]=1

LabelStyle  (1)

Specify overall style of all the label-like elements:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ds15bs
Out[1]=1

Lighting  (4)

Ambient light is uniformly applied to all the surfaces in the scene:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gr84zo
Out[1]=1

Directional lights with different colors:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-hipie6
Out[1]=1

Point lights with different colors:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cxc2k9
Out[1]=1

Spotlights with different colors:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-zkapv
Out[1]=1

Method  (14)

"AxesDuringInteraction"  (1)

Set the dynamic display layout of axes during 3D rotation.

The default "AxesDuringInteraction"->"Lock" locks axes in place during 3D rotation:

In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fqlpq
Out[3]=3

"ContinuousUpdate" causes the axes to move to the best location during 3D rotation:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-eu4t96
Out[1]=1

"Hide" hides the axes instead of moving them:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-lenouc
Out[1]=1

"ConePoints"  (1)

Use the "ConePoints" setting to render cones with fewer polygons:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-hocayw
Out[1]=1

"CylinderPoints"  (1)

Use the "CylinderPoints" setting to render cylinders with fewer polygons:

In[8]:=8
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-etrp0
Out[8]=8

"EdgeDepthOffset"  (1)

"EdgeDepthOffset"->True ensures that edges placed near faces are not obscured:

In[12]:=12
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-c6108x
Out[12]=12

"InvertSurfaceNormals"  (1)

Invert the direction of the surface normals of a BSplineSurface:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fa3n8q
Out[2]=2

"OneLayer"  (1)

The rendering system uses layers to order and render polygons:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fkjgnc
Out[1]=1

Specifying {"Color",1} renders the topmost layer as if nothing lay behind it:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-mjny6
Out[2]=2

Use other numbers to selectively display each layer:

In[4]:=4
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-mpt7g8
Out[4]=4

Use {"Depth",layer} to display the depth map of a given layer:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-tlmeyj
Out[5]=5

"PerFragmentLighting"  (1)

The macOS Metal engine uses "PerFragmentLighting" by default, except during rotation:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dj8m02
Out[2]=2

Set "PerFragmentLighting"False:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-70e0ny
Out[1]=1

"PerFragmentLighting"True interpolates normals at every pixel over the entire face:

In[12]:=12
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-rs96t4
Out[12]=12

"PerFragmentLighting" appears smooth even when there are few surface subdivisions:

In[5]:=5
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dn686w
Out[5]=5

"RelieveDPZFighting"  (1)

By default, z-fighting of coplanar polygons is typically resolved by the rendering system:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-it6c5u
Out[1]=1

"RelieveDPZFighting"->False improves rendering performance at the cost of exposing z-fighting:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-mskh5
Out[2]=2

"RotationControl"  (1)

Set different rotation controllers for 3D graphics:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-t9wcp
Out[2]=2

"RotationMode"  (1)

Normally, a 3D graphic in rotation changes its apparent size to accommodate its ImageSize:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-iesb8j
Out[2]=2

"SphericalRegion" resizes the graphic to accommodate all orientations during rotation:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gl2t9u
Out[2]=2

"ShrinkWrap"  (1)

By default, empty space may appear around a graphical image:

In[29]:=29
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-br8rca
Out[29]=29

Use "ShrinkWrap" to prevent the inclusion of empty space:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-brms98
Out[1]=1

"SpherePoints"  (1)

Use the "SpherePoints" setting to render spheres with fewer polygons:

In[23]:=23
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-c1lchs
Out[23]=23

"SplinePoints"  (1)

Subdivide each patch between knots using the default of {7,7} sample points:

In[73]:=73
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-m1ax6e
Out[74]=74

Reduce the number of samples per patch to {1,1}:

In[75]:=75
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-i2j9rc
Out[75]=75

"TubePoints"  (1)

Use the "TubePoints" setting to render tubes with fewer polygons:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bsut9i
Out[1]=1

PlotLabel  (2)

Display a label on the top of the graphic in TraditionalForm:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cdsmwg
Out[1]=1

Use Style and other typesetting functions to modify how the label appears:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cibwdq
Out[1]=1

PlotRange  (3)

Display all objects:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-e9zrv
Out[1]=1

Explicitly choose a range:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-b5yrma
Out[1]=1

PlotRange->s is equivalent to PlotRange->{{-s,s},{-s,s},{-s,s}}:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bfqcgg
Out[1]=1

PlotRangePadding  (3)

Include coordinate unit of padding on all sides:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-hd3t9k
Out[1]=1

Include of the image size as padding on all sides:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fqkj7j
Out[1]=1

Specify different padding on each side:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gudwa
Out[1]=1

PlotRegion  (3)

The contents of a graphic use the whole region:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-p6kxqk
Out[1]=1

Limit the contents of the graphic to the middle half of the region in each direction:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dqjbq6
Out[1]=1

ImagePadding can also be used to add padding around a graphic:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-c953dy
Out[1]=1

Prolog  (1)

Draw a circumscribing disk that just touches a corner of the bounding box:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-zzyf5
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-mmdn1a
Out[2]=2

SphericalRegion  (1)

Make a sequence of images be consistently sized, independent of orientation:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dua3zl
Out[1]=1

Without SphericalRegion, each image is made as big as possible:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bsban5
Out[2]=2

Ticks  (2)

Place tick marks automatically:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cmqv10
Out[1]=1

Draw tick marks at the specified positions:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fis15k
Out[1]=1

TicksStyle  (2)

Specify the styles of the ticks and tick labels:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-cmgsp1
Out[1]=1

Specify the styles of the , , and axis ticks separately:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-c0q4q0
Out[1]=1

ViewAngle  (1)

Use a specific angle for a simulated camera:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-e7a276
Out[1]=1

ViewCenter  (2)

Place the top-right corner of the object at the center of the final image:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-e5wai2
Out[1]=1

Use the ViewCenter->{vc,vp} to specify that 3D point vc gets mapped to the 2D point vp:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-iw334v
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-eoa59e
Out[2]=2

ViewMatrix  (1)

Orthographic view of a sphere from the negative direction:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bfbekq
Out[1]=1

ViewPoint  (3)

Specify the view point using the special scaled coordinates:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-busg2j
Out[1]=1

Use symbolic view points:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ibt4hf
Out[1]=1

Specify orthographic views:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-dmmnhe
Out[1]=1

ViewRange  (2)

By default, the range is sufficient to include all the objects:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-mqdwmz
Out[1]=1

Specify the minimum and maximum distances from the camera to be included:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-bk2gr2
Out[1]=1

ViewVector  (1)

Specify the view vectors using ordinary coordinates:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-csvds6
Out[1]=1

ViewVertical  (2)

Use the axis direction as the vertical direction in the final image:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ldura
Out[1]=1

Various views of vertical directions:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-b01g4t
Out[1]=1

Properties & Relations  (5)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions

The StandardForm of Graphics3D is its rendered form:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-fj27er
Out[1]=1

The InputForm is the textual expression form:

In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-d3a01g

Graphics3D can be used as input to functions:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-jnq2o5
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ciclj1
Out[2]=2

Three-dimensional plot functions return Graphics3D:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-utzci
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-gdmjdd
Out[2]=2

Several integrated data sources return Graphics3D:

In[1]:=1
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-icaoo
Out[1]=1
In[2]:=2
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-ej2xe9
Out[2]=2
In[3]:=3
✖
https://wolfram.com/xid/0wgrojc-b3jwah
Out[3]=3

Many Import and Export formats support Graphics3D:

In[1]:=1
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Neat Examples  (1)Surprising or curious use cases

The RGB color cube:

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Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).
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Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).

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Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "Graphics3D." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html.

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Wolfram Language. 1988. "Graphics3D." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). Graphics3D. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html

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Wolfram Language. (1988). Graphics3D. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Graphics3D}", year="2024", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}", note=[Accessed: 16-May-2025 ]}

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@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Graphics3D}", year="2024", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}", note=[Accessed: 16-May-2025 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Graphics3D}, year={2024}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}, note=[Accessed: 16-May-2025 ]}

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@online{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Graphics3D}, year={2024}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}, note=[Accessed: 16-May-2025 ]}