Hypergeometric1F1
✖
Hypergeometric1F1
Details

- Mathematical function, suitable for both symbolic and numerical manipulation.
- The
function has the series expansion
, where
is the Pochhammer symbol.
- For certain special arguments, Hypergeometric1F1 automatically evaluates to exact values.
- Hypergeometric1F1 can be evaluated to arbitrary numerical precision.
- Hypergeometric1F1 automatically threads over lists.
- Hypergeometric1F1 can be used with Interval and CenteredInterval objects. »
Examples
open allclose allBasic Examples (5)Summary of the most common use cases

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ohra6

Plot over a subset of the reals:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bh51u2

Plot over a subset of the complexes:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-kiedlx

Series expansion at the origin:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-n9qyod

Series expansion at Infinity:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-laddhh

Scope (40)Survey of the scope of standard use cases
Numerical Evaluation (5)

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-iyfgxa

The precision of the output tracks the precision of the input:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bthuub

Evaluate for complex arguments and parameters:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-tvj9g

Evaluate Hypergeometric1F1 efficiently at high precision:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-di5gcr


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bq2c6r

Compute worst-case guaranteed intervals using Interval and CenteredInterval objects:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-cmdnbi


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-lf2fw

Or compute average-case statistical intervals using Around:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-cw18bq

Compute the elementwise values of an array:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-thgd2

Or compute the matrix Hypergeometric1F1 function using MatrixFunction:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-o5jpo

Specific Values (4)
Hypergeometric1F1 automatically evaluates to simpler functions for certain parameters:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-g8fiij


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ctkbhr


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bds873

Limiting values at infinity for some case of Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-jevg27


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-byhlok


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-m0ibdd

Find a value of satisfying the equation
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-f2hrld


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-jnh3kc

Heun functions can be reduced to hypergeometric functions:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ob0ik


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-dws2hu

Visualization (3)
Plot the Hypergeometric1F1 function:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ecj8m7

Plot Hypergeometric1F1 as a function of its second parameter:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-gq0e7


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-fpwb3c


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-qclgn

Function Properties (9)
Real domain of Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-cl7ele


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-de3irc

is an analytic function for real values of
and
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-covalr

For positive values of , it may or may not be analytic:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-lj2nj


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-xunl1m

Hypergeometric1F1 is neither non-decreasing nor non-increasing except for special values:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-rmb7f


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-159y6z


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-zf7zy


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-klmhpu


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-b5ts4n

Hypergeometric1F1 is non-negative for specific values:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-1vq7r


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-euyc6r

is neither non-negative nor non-positive:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-fxktl8

has both singularity and discontinuity when
is a negative integer:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ho029y


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-mueqoy


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ija8n6

is neither convex nor concave:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-2g6v3k

TraditionalForm formatting:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-vow6c

Differentiation (3)
Integration (3)
Apply Integrate to Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bponid

Definite integral of Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-byhut5


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-iuuysk


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-e2pjgn

Series Expansions (4)
Taylor expansion for Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-ewr1h8

Plot the first three approximations for around
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-binhar

General term in the series expansion of Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-dznx2j

Expand Hypergeometric1F1 in a series around infinity:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-euz5wl

Apply Hypergeometric1F1 to a power series:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-jz2mgn

Integral Transforms (2)
Compute the Laplace transform using LaplaceTransform:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-eqbky1


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bik34q

Function Identities and Simplifications (3)

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-c5sh5c

Sum of the Hypergeometric1F1 functions:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-jfui2x


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-b69p0s

Function Representations (4)

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-b8nil2

Relation to the LaguerreL polynomial:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bd54wt

Hypergeometric1F1 can be represented as a DifferentialRoot:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-gpu94s

Hypergeometric1F1 can be represented in terms of MeijerG:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-q1gk


https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bwcymg

Generalizations & Extensions (1)Generalized and extended use cases
Apply Hypergeometric1F1 to a power series:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-br74bf

Applications (3)Sample problems that can be solved with this function
Hydrogen atom radial wave function for continuous spectrum:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-u65ab
Compute the energy eigenvalue from the differential equation:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-e1preg

Closed form for Padé approximation of Exp to any order:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-tmkm0v

Compare with explicit approximants:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-n69lta

Solve a differential equation:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-g34byp

Properties & Relations (2)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions
Integrate may give results involving Hypergeometric1F1:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-nrcdlt

Use FunctionExpand to convert confluent hypergeometric functions:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0pu7125au8-bovjtl

Wolfram Research (1988), Hypergeometric1F1, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html (updated 2022).
Text
Wolfram Research (1988), Hypergeometric1F1, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html (updated 2022).
Wolfram Research (1988), Hypergeometric1F1, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html (updated 2022).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1988. "Hypergeometric1F1." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2022. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html.
Wolfram Language. 1988. "Hypergeometric1F1." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2022. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1988). Hypergeometric1F1. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html
Wolfram Language. (1988). Hypergeometric1F1. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_hypergeometric1f1, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Hypergeometric1F1}", year="2022", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html}", note=[Accessed: 15-May-2025
]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2025_hypergeometric1f1, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Hypergeometric1F1}, year={2022}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.html}, note=[Accessed: 15-May-2025
]}