Sphere

Sphere[p]

represents a unit sphere centered at the point p.

Sphere[p,r]

represents a sphere of radius r centered at the point p.

Sphere[{p1,p2,…},r]

represents a collection of spheres of radius r.

Details

  • Sphere can be used as a geometric region and a graphics primitive.
  • Sphere[] is equivalent to Sphere[{0,0,0}]. »
  • Sphere[n] for positive integer n is equivalent to Sphere[{0,…,0}], a unit sphere in .
  • Sphere represents the shell {x|TemplateBox[{{x, -, p}}, Norm]=r}.
  • Sphere can be used in Graphics and Graphics3D.
  • In graphics, the points p, pi and radii r can be Scaled and Dynamic expressions.
  • Graphics rendering is affected by directives such as FaceForm, Specularity, Opacity, and color.
  • Sphere[{p1,p2,…},{r1,r2,…}] represents a collection of spheres with centers pi and radii ri.

Background & Context

  • Sphere is a graphics and geometry primitive that represents a sphere in -dimensional space. In particular, Sphere[p,r] represents the sphere {x:TemplateBox[{{x, -, p}}, Norm]=r} in TemplateBox[{}, Reals]^n with center p and radius r, where r may be any non-negative real number and p can have any positive length . The shorthand form Sphere[p] is equivalent to Sphere[p,1] and Sphere[n] is equivalent to Sphere[ConstantArray[0, n],1], while Sphere[] autoevaluates to Sphere[{0,0,0}].
  • Collections of sphere objects (multi-spheres) of common radius may be efficiently represented using Sphere[{p1,…,pk},r] and balls of varying radii represented using Sphere[{p1,…,pk},{r1,…,rk}].
  • Sphere objects can be visually formatted in two and three dimensions using Graphics and Graphics3D, respectively. The appearance of Sphere objects in graphics can be modified by specifying the face directive FaceForm (in 3D); color directives such as Red; the transparency and specularity directives Opacity and Specularity; and the style option Antialiasing.
  • Sphere may also serve as a region specification over which a computation should be performed. For example, Integrate[1,{x,y,z}∈Sphere[{0,0,0},r]] and Area[Sphere[{0,0,0},r]] both return the surface area of a sphere of radius .
  • Sphere is related to a number of other symbols. Sphere represents the boundary of a ball, as can be computed using RegionBoundary[Ball[{x,y,z},r]]. Ellipsoidal surfaces (not to be confused with the solid ellipsoids represented by Ellipsoid) may be obtained from a Sphere using Scaled. A sphere passing through a set of given points may be obtained using Circumsphere. Sphere objects may be represented as ImplicitRegion[(x-u)2+(y-v)2+(z-w)2r2,{u,v,w}] or ParametricRegion[{x,y,z}+r{Cos[θ]Sin[ϕ],Sin[θ]Sin[ϕ],Cos[ϕ]},{{θ,0,2π},{ϕ,0,π}}]. Precomputed properties of the sphere in standard position are available using SurfaceData["Sphere",property] or Entity["Surface","Sphere"][property].

Examples

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Basic Examples  (2)

A unit sphere at the origin:

Area and centroid:

Scope  (22)

Graphics  (12)

Specification  (4)

A unit sphere:

Spheres with different radii:

Short form for a unit sphere at the origin:

Multiple spheres:

Styling  (4)

Colored spheres:

Different properties can be specified for the front and back of faces using FaceForm:

Spheres with different specular exponents:

Black sphere that glows red:

Opacity specifies the face opacity:

Coordinates  (4)

Use Scaled coordinates:

Use Scaled radius:

Specify scaled offsets from the ordinary coordinates:

Points can be Dynamic:

Regions  (10)

Embedding dimension is the dimension of the space in which the sphere lives:

Geometric dimension is the dimension of the shape itself:

Membership testing:

Get conditions for point membership:

Area:

Centroid:

Distance from a point:

The equidistance contours for a sphere:

Signed distance from a point:

Nearest point in the region:

Nearest points to an enclosing sphere:

A sphere is bounded:

Find its range:

Integrate over a sphere region:

Optimize over a sphere region:

Solve equations in a sphere region:

Applications  (5)

Platonic polyhedra represented by spheres:

Double helix:

Bubbles:

Use Sphere to render nodes in a GraphPlot3D:

Use Sphere in a BubbleChart3D:

Properties & Relations  (8)

Use Scale to get ellipsoids:

The 2D version of Sphere is Circle:

An implicit specification of a sphere generated by ContourPlot3D:

A parametric specification of a sphere generated by ParametricPlot3D:

ChemicalData plots a molecule using spheres and cylinders:

Several Import formats use spheres to represent molecules:

Circumsphere specifies a Sphere from points on the surface:

ImplicitRegion can represent any Sphere:

Neat Examples  (4)

Random sphere collections:

Cubic lattice of spheres:

BCC lattice of spheres:

Sample points used by NIntegrate:

Wolfram Research (2007), Sphere, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html (updated 2014).

Text

Wolfram Research (2007), Sphere, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html (updated 2014).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2007. "Sphere." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2014. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2007). Sphere. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2023_sphere, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Sphere}", year="2014", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html}", note=[Accessed: 05-December-2023 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2023_sphere, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Sphere}, year={2014}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.html}, note=[Accessed: 05-December-2023 ]}