SpatialJ

SpatialJ[pdata,r]

estimates the function for point data pdata at radius r.

SpatialJ[pproc,r]

computes for the point process pproc.

SpatialJ[bdata,r]

computes for binned data bdata.

SpatialJ[pspec]

generates the function that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.

Details and Options

  • The function is the ratio of the probability of finding no point within distance of a typical point to the probability of finding no point within distance of any location. It is given as , where is NearestNeighborG and is EmptySpaceF.
  • SpatialJ measures spatial homogeneity of a point collection within distance . In comparing with a Poisson point process:
  • more dispersed than Poisson
    like Poisson, i.e. complete spatial randomness
    more clustered than Poisson
  • The radius r can be a single value or a list of values. With no radius r specified, SpatialJ returns a PointStatisticFunction that can be used to evaluate the function repeatedly.
  • The points pdata can have the following forms:
  • {p1,p2,}points pi
    GeoPosition[],GeoPositionXYZ[],geographic points
    SpatialPointData[]spatial point collection
    {pts,reg}point collection pts and observation region reg
  • If the observation region reg is not given, a region is automatically computed using RipleyRassonRegion.
  • The point process pproc can have the following forms:
  • proca point process proc
    {proc,reg}a point process proc and observation region reg
  • The observation region reg should be parameter free and SpatialObservationRegionQ.
  • The binned data bdata is from SpatialBinnedPointData and is treated as an InhomogeneousPoissonPointProcess with a piecewise constant intensify function.
  • For pdata, is computed from the points pi by combining the estimates of and . The estimation assumes the point pattern is stationary in space.
  • For pproc, is computed by using exact formulas or by simulation to generate point data.
  • The following options can be given:
  • Method Automaticwhat methods to use
    SpatialBoundaryCorrection Automaticwhat boundary correction to use
  • The following settings can be used for SpatialBoundaryCorrection:
  • Automaticautomatically determined boundary correction
    Noneno boundary correction
    "BorderMargin"use interior margin for observation region
    "Hanisch"drops points for which the distance to the nearest neighbor is greater than the distance to boundary
    "KaplanMeier"SurvivalDistribution method: the point distance to its nearest neighbor is censored by its distance to the region boundary
    "NelsonAalen"SurvivalDistribution method: the point distance to its nearest neighbor is censored by its distance to the region boundary
  • The setting Method->{"Discretization"->opts} allows for adjusting the discretization method in the estimation. Here opts can be any valid options for DiscretizeRegion.

Examples

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Basic Examples  (3)

Estimate the function at a given distance:

Estimate the function within a range of distances:

Visualize the result with ListPlot:

Empty space function of a cluster point process:

Scope  (7)

Point Data  (4)

Estimate the function for some data at distance 0.1:

Obtain empirical estimates of the function for a list of given distances:

Create a PointStatisticFunction for future use:

Compute a value at a given radius:

Estimate the function without explicitly providing the observation region:

Observation region generated by RipleyRasson estimator:

Estimated function at distance 0.05:

Use SpatialJ with GeoPosition:

Plot the point statistics function:

Point Processes  (3)

The function function for PoissonPointProcess is always identity:

This is so because EmptySpaceF and NearestNeighborG of a PoissonPointProcess are identical:

The function for a cluster process ThomasPointProcess with specified dimension:

In 3D:

The function for a cluster process MaternPointProcess with specified dimension:

In 3D:

Options  (2)

SpatialBoundaryCorrection  (1)

The SpatialJ estimator without boundary correction is biased and should not be used unless with a large point set:

The default method "BorderMargin" only considers the points that are distance from the boundary:

The "Hanisch" method weights each point in the observation region to make the estimated values unbiased:

The "KaplanMeier" and "NelsonAalen" methods are estimators used in SurvivalDistribution. The distance of each point to its nearest neighbor point is censored by the distance of each point to the boundary of the observation region:

Method  (1)

Discretization setting can be provided under Method as suboptions:

Estimate the function at the same radius with different values of MaxCellMeasure:

Use different discretization methods to estimate the function at the same radius:

Applications  (2)

Compare empirical estimates and the theoretical function under complete spatial randomness:

Estimate the values of the function with given data:

Visualize the results:

Compare the function estimate of Matérn point processes with different cluster radius:

Estimate the values of the function with given data:

Visualize the results:

Properties & Relations  (3)

SpatialJ measures clustering of a point collection. indicates the points are clustered within distance , while indicates the points are dispersed within distance . Generate samples from lattice points, a Poisson point process and a Thomas point process:

Estimate from each sample and compare the results:

Visualize how NearestNeighborG impacts SpatialJ:

NearestNeighborG estimates the probability of finding another point within distance r from a point in the point collection:

Visualize and :

Visualize how EmptySpaceF impacts SpatialJ:

EmptySpaceF estimates the probability of finding another point within distance r from a reference point:

Visualize the result:

Wolfram Research (2020), SpatialJ, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (2020), SpatialJ, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2020. "SpatialJ." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2020). SpatialJ. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2024_spatialj, author="Wolfram Research", title="{SpatialJ}", year="2020", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html}", note=[Accessed: 09-October-2024 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2024_spatialj, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={SpatialJ}, year={2020}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.html}, note=[Accessed: 09-October-2024 ]}