Graphics

✖
`Graphics`

✖

Graphics[primitives,options]

represents a two-dimensional graphical image.

Details and Options

Graphics is displayed in StandardForm as a graphical image. In InputForm, it is displayed as an explicit list of primitives.
The following graphics primitives can be used: »

	AASTriangle[α,β,a]	angle-angle-side triangle
	Arrow[{{x₁,y₁},…}]	arrow
	ASATriangle[α,c,β]	angle-side-angle triangle
	BezierCurve[{pt₁,pt₂,…}]	Bézier curve
	BSplineCurve[{pt₁,pt₂,…}]	B-spline curve
	Circle[{x,y},r]	circle
	Circumsphere[{pt₁,…}]	circumcircle specified by three points
	ConicHullRegion[…]	linear cone
	Disk[{x,y},r]	filled disk
	FilledCurve[{seg₁,seg₂,…}]	filled curve
	GraphicsComplex[pts,prims]	complex of graphics objects
	GraphicsGroup[{g₁,g₂,…}]	objects selectable as a group
	HalfLine[{pt₁,pt₂}]	half-infinite line, or ray
	HalfPlane[{pt₁,pt₂},v]	half-infinite plane
	Image[…]	an image object
	InfiniteLine[{pt₁,pt₂}]	infinite line
	Inset[obj,…]	inset object
	JoinedCurve[{seg₁,seg₂,…}]	joined curve segments
	Line[{pt₁,…}]	line segments
	Locator[{x,y}]	dynamic locator
	Parallelogram[pt,{v₁,v₂}]	parallelogram
	Point[{x,y}]	point
	Polygon[{pt₁,…}]	polygon
	Raster[array]	array of gray or colored squares
	Rectangle[{x_min,y_min},{x_max,y_max}]	rectangle
	SASTriangle[a,γ,b]	side-angle-side triangle
	Simplex[{pt₁,…}]	simplex
	SSSTriangle[a,b,c]	side-side-side triangle
	Text[expr,{x,y}]	text
	Triangle[{pt₁,…}]	triangle

The following graphics directives can be used: »

	AbsoluteDashing[{w₁,…}]	absolute line dashing specification
	AbsolutePointSize[d]	absolute point size specification
	AbsoluteThickness[w]	absolute line thickness specification
	Arrowheads[specs]	arrowheads specification
	CapForm[type]	line cap specification
	CMYKColor[c,m,y,k]	color specification
	Dashing[{w₁,…}]	line dashing specification
	Directive[g₁,g₂,…]	composite graphics directive
	EdgeForm[g]	edge drawing specification
	FaceForm[g]	face drawing specification
	GrayLevel[i]	intensity specification
	Hue[h]	hue specification
	JoinForm[type]	line joining specification
	Opacity[a]	opacity specification
	PointSize[d]	point size specification
	RGBColor[r,g,b]	color specification
	Texture[obj]	texture specification
	Thickness[w]	line thickness specification

The following wrappers can be used at any level:

	Annotation[obj,label]	give an annotation
	Button[obj,action]	make obj act as a button
	Dynamic[obj]	use the dynamically updated current value
	EventHandler[obj,…]	attach an event handler
	Hyperlink[obj,URI]	make obj a hyperlink
	Mouseover[obj,over]	specify a mouseover form
	PopupWindow[obj,cont]	attach a popup window
	StatusArea[obj,label]	specify a label to appear in the status area
	Style[obj,opts]	specify a style
	Tooltip[obj,label]	attach a tooltip

The following options can be given:

AlignmentPoint	Center	the default point in the graphic to align with
AspectRatio	Automatic	ratio of height to width
Axes	False	whether to draw axes
AxesLabel	None	axes labels
AxesOrigin	Automatic	where axes should cross
AxesStyle	{}	style specifications for the axes
Background	None	background color for the plot
BaselinePosition	Automatic	how to align with a surrounding text baseline
BaseStyle	{}	base style specifications for the graphic
ContentSelectable	Automatic	whether to allow contents to be selected
CoordinatesToolOptions	Automatic	detailed behavior of the coordinates tool
Epilog	{}	primitives rendered after the main plot
FormatType	TraditionalForm	the default format type for text
Frame	False	whether to put a frame around the plot
FrameLabel	None	frame labels
FrameStyle	{}	style specifications for the frame
FrameTicks	Automatic	frame ticks
FrameTicksStyle	{}	style specifications for frame ticks
GridLines	None	grid lines to draw
GridLinesStyle	{}	style specifications for grid lines
ImageMargins	0.	the margins to leave around the graphic
ImagePadding	All	what extra padding to allow for labels etc.
ImageSize	Automatic	the absolute size at which to render the graphic
LabelStyle	{}	style specifications for labels
Method	Automatic	details of graphics methods to use
PlotLabel	None	an overall label for the plot
PlotRange	All	range of values to include
PlotRangeClipping	False	whether to clip at the plot range
PlotRangePadding	Automatic	how much to pad the range of values
PlotRegion	Automatic	the final display region to be filled
PreserveImageOptions	Automatic	whether to preserve image options when displaying new versions of the same graphic
Prolog	{}	primitives rendered before the main plot
RotateLabel	True	whether to rotate y labels on the frame
Ticks	Automatic	axes ticks
TicksStyle	{}	style specifications for axes ticks

Nested lists of graphics constructs can be given. Directive specifications such as GrayLevel remain in effect only until the end of the list that contains them. »
Style[obj,opts] can be used to apply the options or directives opts to obj. »
The following Method options can be given:

"AxesInFront"	True	whether to draw axes on top of primitives
"FrameInFront"	True	whether to draw the graphics frame on top of primitives
"GridLinesInFront"	False	whether to draw grid lines on top of primitives
"TransparentPolygonMesh"	False	whether bordering polygons should be carefully drawn to avoid double rendering edges

The settings for BaseStyle are appended to the default style typically given by the "Graphics" style in the current stylesheet. The settings for AxesStyle, LabelStyle, etc. are appended to the default styles given for "GraphicsAxes", "GraphicsLabel", etc.
Graphics[] gives an empty graphic with the default image size.

Examples

open allclose all

Basic Examples (2)Summary of the most common use cases

Use lines, polygons, circles, etc. to build up a graphics image:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gxy3mp

Out[1]=1

Use plot functions to automatically create Graphics from different types of data:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-e0lou8

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-9ax56

Out[2]=2

In[3]:=3

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ea2iq8

Out[3]=3

Scope (13)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Primitives (4)

Graphics primitives are drawn in the order in which they are given in Graphics:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-d7aplj

Out[1]=1

Polygons can fold over themselves:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-i4e0x6

Out[1]=1

Vertices can be shared by using GraphicsComplex:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-i6kd75

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-sjayl

Out[2]=2

Inset an expression in a graphic:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-biynaa

Out[1]=1

Directives (5)

Directives can specify color and opacity of faces:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-dcq9jm

Out[1]=1

Colors, thickness, and dashing directives affect lines, arrows, and edges:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bllppn

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b8ajtv

Out[2]=2

Some primitives have special directives to specify various properties:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-chqwj9

Out[1]=1

Directives can be applied to individual objects using Style:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-duwrkd

Out[1]=1

Graphics directives remain in effect only until the end of the list that contains them:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cab7d8

Out[1]=1

Coordinates (4)

Use an ordinary coordinate system:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-jbzrgk

Out[1]=1

Specify coordinates by fractions of the plot range:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gl9t6b

Out[1]=1

Specify coordinates by fractions of the whole image:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-jkk8qf

Out[1]=1

Offset coordinates by printer's points:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-btyiww

Out[1]=1

Options (71)Common values & functionality for each option

AlignmentPoint (1)

Specify the coordinates within Inset to be aligned with the center of the enclosing graphic:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cq7kj7

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-f9erz9

Out[2]=2

AspectRatio (1)

Use numerical values for AspectRatio:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-g03ynl

Out[1]=1

Axes (2)

Draw all the axes:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-hstcla

Out[1]=1

Draw the axis but not the axis:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-hu88rp

Out[1]=1

AxesLabel (2)

Place a label for the axis:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ovkpne

Out[1]=1

Specify a label for each axis:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-1v3qy

Out[1]=1

AxesOrigin (2)

Determine where the axes cross automatically:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-emygmo

Out[1]=1

Specify the axes' origin explicitly:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gj2g0m

Out[1]=1

AxesStyle (1)

Specify the overall axes style, including the ticks and the tick labels:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-c3jmhi

Out[1]=1

Specify the style of each axis:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b1spbh

Out[2]=2

Background (1)

Specify a background color:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-hbiad0

Out[1]=1

BaselinePosition (3)

Align the center of a graphic with the baseline of the text:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bgqy4a

Out[1]=1

Specify the baseline of a graphic as a fraction of the height by using Scaled:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-dlh30h

Out[1]=1

Use the axis of a graphic as the baseline:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-dqmnv1

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-j5kexy

Out[2]=2

BaseStyle (2)

Set the starting style:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-fmz8at

Out[1]=1

Set multiple starting styles:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-k7c42e

Out[1]=1

ContentSelectable (3)

Allow the individual graphics objects to be selectable by a single click:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-fugd5

Out[1]=1

No individual object is selectable; the whole graphic appears as one object:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-l25cix

Out[1]=1

The first click selects the whole graphic, and subsequent ones select individual objects:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-db8u7t

Out[1]=1

Epilog (1)

Draw a disk above the graphic, including the axes:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-co141v

Out[1]=1

FormatType (3)

By default, expressions are displayed using TraditionalForm in graphics:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-vclm1

Out[1]=1

Display expressions using StandardForm:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-nmmm8

Out[1]=1

Labels are also affected by FormatType setting:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-98clt

Out[1]=1

Frame (2)

Draw a frame around the whole graphic:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-mfnj4

Out[1]=1

Draw a frame on the left and the right edges:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-s3iw5

Out[1]=1

FrameLabel (1)

Specify frame labels for the bottom and the left edges:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-p8591j

Out[1]=1

Specify labels for each edge:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-e0vp58

Out[2]=2

FrameStyle (2)

Specify the overall frame style:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-oto8l

Out[1]=1

Specify the style of each frame edge:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bsrnzx

Out[1]=1

FrameTicks (2)

Put a frame, but no ticks:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-tat

Out[1]=1

Tick mark labels on the bottom and the left frame edges:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cu3guh

Out[2]=2

Frame ticks on the bottom and the right edges:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ekp4gu

Out[1]=1

FrameTicksStyle (2)

Specify frame tick and frame tick label style:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b386x

Out[1]=1

Specify frame tick style for each edge:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-mm3at5

Out[1]=1

GridLines (3)

Put grids across a 2D graphic:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bjz8x

Out[1]=1

Draw grid lines at specific positions:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-mn1rn

Out[1]=1

Specify the style of each grid:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-f3k0m

Out[1]=1

GridLinesStyle (1)

Specify the overall grid style:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-izrwp

Out[1]=1

ImageMargins (3)

Allow no margins outside of ImageSize:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-9wl9y

Out[1]=1

Have 20-point margins on all sides:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-h0kse3

Out[1]=1

Leave different margins on each side:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-od6xz3

Out[1]=1

ImagePadding (4)

Leave no padding outside of the plot range:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cpqt0r

Out[1]=1

Leave enough padding for all objects and labels that are present:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-estjoe

Out[1]=1

Specify the same padding for all sides in printer's points:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b18wdc

Out[1]=1

Specify different padding on each side:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-h1j0ij

Out[1]=1

ImageSize (3)

Use predefined symbolic sizes:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-hoyrs4

Out[1]=1

Use an explicit image width:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-h0dsoy

Out[1]=1

Use an explicit image width and height:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-0ww1j

Out[1]=1

LabelStyle (1)

Specify the overall style of all the label-like elements:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ds15bs

Out[1]=1

Method (4)

"AxesInFront" (1)

Force axes to be behind drawing primitives:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-zzm6rl

Out[1]=1

"FrameInFront" (1)

By default, frames draw in front of graphics primitives:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-yj5mmf

Out[1]=1

Force the frame to draw behind graphics primitives:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-8zgcxr

Out[2]=2

"GridLinesInFront" (1)

Force grid lines to be rendered in front of graphics primitives:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-45vg9y

Out[1]=1

"TransparentPolygonMesh" (1)

By default, polygon meshes double-paint their edges for efficiency reasons:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-mx7aa9

Out[1]=1

The behavior can be turned off using the "TransparentPolygonMesh" method option:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-lghh2k

Out[2]=2

PlotLabel (2)

Display a label on the top of the graphic in TraditionalForm:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cdsmwg

Out[1]=1

Use Style and other typesetting functions to modify how the label appears:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cibwdq

Out[1]=1

PlotRange (3)

Display all objects:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cta80u

Out[1]=1

Explicitly choose and ranges:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ut7dl

Out[1]=1

Force clipping at the PlotRange:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-eqqd1k

Out[2]=2

PlotRange->s is equivalent to PlotRange->{{-s,s},{-s,s}}:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gqr9qw

Out[1]=1

PlotRangeClipping (2)

Allow graphics objects to spread beyond PlotRange:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bwacq6

Out[1]=1

Clip all graphics objects at PlotRange:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-g0d8fx

Out[1]=1

PlotRangePadding (3)

Include coordinate unit of padding on all sides:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-hd3t9k

Out[1]=1

Include padding using Scaled coordinates:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-fqkj7j

Out[1]=1

Specify different padding on each side:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gudwa

Out[1]=1

PlotRegion (3)

The contents of a graphic use the whole region:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-o68js1

Out[1]=1

Limit the contents of the graphic to the middle half of the region in each direction:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ywwlz9

Out[1]=1

ImagePadding can also be used to add padding around a graphic:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-oxpwrr

Out[1]=1

Prolog (1)

Define a simple graphic to use as a background:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-e3lcgf

Use it in multiple graphics:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-jnajm

Out[2]=2

In[3]:=3

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-dd43w3

Out[3]=3

RotateLabel (2)

Specify that vertical frame labels should be rotated:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b8c0pl

Out[1]=1

Specify that vertical frame labels should not be rotated:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-i3m0hj

Out[1]=1

Ticks (3)

Draw the axes but no tick marks:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-jh5r16

Out[1]=1

Place tick marks automatically:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-mfnv3t

Out[1]=1

Draw tick marks at the specific positions:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-b2ssct

Out[1]=1

TicksStyle (2)

Specify the styles of the ticks and tick labels:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-cmgsp1

Out[1]=1

Specify the styles of and axis ticks separately:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-c0q4q0

Out[1]=1

Applications (1)Sample problems that can be solved with this function

Draw a complete graph with 9 vertices:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-f55vb

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bqlpnd

Out[2]=2

Properties & Relations (5)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions

The StandardForm of Graphics is its rendered form:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-ctg9cq

Out[1]=1

The InputForm is the textual expression form:

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-esx4un

Graphics can be used as input to functions:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-i4632z

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gbe1v9

Out[2]=2

Two-dimensional plot functions return Graphics:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-c4dgtj

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-h0avy

Out[2]=2

Several integrated data sources return Graphics:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gps57a

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-gxek4w

Out[2]=2

Many Import and Export formats support Graphics:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-j7p8om

Out[1]=1

In[2]:=2

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-m3cilw

Out[2]=2

Neat Examples (2)Surprising or curious use cases

Display an analog clock with current system time:

In[1]:=1

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https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-bbz7u

Out[1]=1

Digital dahlias:

In[1]:=1

✖

https://wolfram.com/xid/0deklu-47znf

Out[1]=1

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Graphics ✖ Graphics

Details and Options

Examples

Basic Examples (2)Summary of the most common use cases

Scope (13)Survey of the scope of standard use cases

Primitives (4)

Directives (5)

Coordinates (4)

Options (71)Common values & functionality for each option

AlignmentPoint (1)

AspectRatio (1)

Axes (2)

AxesLabel (2)

AxesOrigin (2)

AxesStyle (1)

Background (1)

BaselinePosition (3)

BaseStyle (2)

ContentSelectable (3)

Epilog (1)

FormatType (3)

Frame (2)

FrameLabel (1)

FrameStyle (2)

FrameTicks (2)

FrameTicksStyle (2)

GridLines (3)

GridLinesStyle (1)

ImageMargins (3)

ImagePadding (4)

ImageSize (3)

LabelStyle (1)

Method (4)

"AxesInFront" (1)

"FrameInFront" (1)

"GridLinesInFront" (1)

"TransparentPolygonMesh" (1)

PlotLabel (2)

PlotRange (3)

PlotRangeClipping (2)

PlotRangePadding (3)

PlotRegion (3)

Prolog (1)

RotateLabel (2)

Ticks (3)

TicksStyle (2)

Applications (1)Sample problems that can be solved with this function

Properties & Relations (5)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions

Neat Examples (2)Surprising or curious use cases

See Also

Tech Notes

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Related Links

History

Text

CMS

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Graphics

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`Graphics`